Five Types of Organization Structures

Every organization, to be effective, must have a structure. An organization structure is the setup that determines the hierarchy and reporting structure in an organization. It is often represented by a drawing known as an organizational chart. There are different types of organizational structures that companies follow, depending on a variety of factors like leadership style, type of organization, geographical regions, work flow and hierarchy. Organizations may choose from a number of common operating structures. One popular structure is the functional organization, where the company is divided into separate units based on role, such as accounting, marketing, research and development or distribution. The functional structure offers a number of potential advantages as well as disadvantages. An advantage of a functional organizational structure is that it offers a high level of specialization. Each unit operates as a type of self-contained mini-company, charged with carrying out its specific role. A worker who is an expert in his functional area can perform tasks with a high level of speed and efficiency, which enhances productivity. While specialized units within the functional structure often perform with a high level of efficiency, they may have difficulty working well with other units. Another potential disadvantage of the functional organization structure is that it can pose a challenge for top management to maintain control as the organization expands. If the company expands into new geographic areas, maintaining control of and managing the separate functions can be even more of a challenge. Kenexa, an IBM Company, provides employment and retention solutions to assist organizations in hiring and keeping workers. Kenexa is a SAAS, software as a service company, and utilizes a functional structure. Market structure is used to group employees on the basis of the specific market the company sells in. A company could have five different markets they use and according to this structure, each would be a separate division. Some merits of this structure are that employees can communicate with customers in the local language and they are available for the customers, if need is felt. Demerits include intense competition among the employees; decision-making can cause conflicts and difficulty to determining the productivity and efficiency of employees. Product-based structures allow companies to remain flexible in the business environment. This allows the company to add or remove structure sections as necessary. However, it can prohibit companies from achieving company-wide goals since each unit operates on its own. A successful company that uses a Market organizational structure as well as a Product-based structure is Microsoft. Farber, 2013) One advantage of a Matrix structure is better coordination and control: – this structure is very much suitable to coordinate and control the functional activities and project activities. Most importantly, employees from various functional areas work under the spirit of team and make the project successful. Team effort is made. On the other hand, Matrix organizational structure involves huge overhead cost, has problems of overspecialization and is difficult to balance. GE is an example of a company that uses the matrix structure approach. In a geographic structure, large organizations have offices at different places, for example, there could be a north zone, south zone, west zone and east zone. Advantages are better communication among the employees at the same location and locals are familiar with the local business environment and can cater to geographical and cultural differences. A successful company with this structure is Ports America, headquartered in the NE with operations throughout both coasts and segmented regionally. References: Farber, D. (2013, July 12). Steve Ballmer remakes Microsoft one more time. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57593289-75/steve-ballmer-remakes-microsoft-one-more-time/?part=rss&tag=feed&subj= (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kenexa.com/ (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.portsamerica.com/about.html http://www.ge.com/pdf/company/ge_organization_chart.pdf Hill, C. (n.d.). Strategic management theory.

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling refers to the education of children at home, typically by parents or tutors, unlike the formal settings of schools. In many countries around the world, children are not legally obligated to attend school. In England, France, Canada, the United States and Australia, it is perfectly legal for parents to educate their kids at home. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day, with a growth rate of 7 to 15 percent per year over the world. There are about two million children currently earning at home in the world.Homeschooled kids do well on standardized tests, are welcome at college and universities, and as adults, have a reputation for being self- directed learners and reliable employees. This essay is going to examine whether homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling makes children miss the golden opportunity to pr actice their social skills. School is the miniature of society. One needs to have not only knowledge of the world, but also interpersonal communication skills in order to survive, not to mention excel in a society.If a child is taught at home solely by his/ her parents, the child misses the chance to meet and interact with other kids. Peer learning has vital benefits as well. By communicating with friends, students can improve their interpersonal skills. Homeschooled children cannot take part in extra-curricular activities like debate, choir and team sports. As interactive learning is such an important component in modern education, homeschooling deprives children of their chance to develop their social skills and network, and even friends. Furthermore, home is not the most suitable environment for learning which lower he effectiveness of learning.Home cannot provide many different hardware which can only be provided by day schools. For instance, the different kinds of experiments m ust be conducted in a safety equipped and qualified laboratory . The many apparatus like Bunsen Burner, funnel and beaker can only be found in a laboratory. Home can never provide such hardware to support the diverse learning needs of children . The equipment of language labs, music room and library only appear in a school setting. Besides, there are too many temptations at home, such as television nd computer games, which would prevent children from concentrating on learning.Homeschooling undermines the development of creative thinking. Parents-to- children teaching is atter all the indoctrination ot parents thinking and values system to their children. In Hong Kong, most parents are very concerned about their children and hope them have a bright future. Therefore, they may try to give what they think is the best to the children. It is common that parents force their children to have piano lesson, choir practice, drawing class and so on in Hong Kong. Parents tend to orcefully spoon feed what they want their children to know.In many cases, children cannot develop multiple thinking perspectives. They Just do what their parents ask them to do. Their creativity and critical thinking, which are highly-valued in today's competitive world, can hardly be formed. On the other hand, it is not suitable to implement home-schooling in Hong Kong. Most parents have full time Job. They do not have time to teach their children. Moreover, parents are not professional in teaching when compared to trained teachers. They may not know how to teach their children effectively. Also, it is impossible for parents to know all knowledge of different subjects.In school, teachers are specialize in few subjects and they can concentrate on those subjects to prepare teaching materials. According to Bill and Ana Moody, who homeschool their children, they admitted that it is hard to teach science topics properly at home. They do not have sufficient knowledge of science and science requires to do experiments. Homeschooling brings another problem: how to assess the ability of students? Hong Kong is a knowledge-based society, it is important to have certificates to prove ne's academic Usually, one will get a Job easily with higher education level.Different jobs have different required education levels. If homeschooling is implemented, there is no standard to assess students unless all students Join public examinations offered by authorized organization and the Education Bureau. Homeschooling does not provide a standard to assess whether students has understand the knowledge fully. As every parents and tutors may have design a different curriculum for students, there is no standard of what basic knowledge that students should learn.Some people argued that a unified education system simply cannot cater for the individual needs of each and every student and, therefore, homeschooling is a better way for children to learn as it is more flexible which can cater individual's needs . It can provide a tailor-made learning schedule which can cater learning speed of the children and specific requirements by those who best understand them: their parents. It may allow students a more flexible combination of subjects which cater for individual needs. This would arouse interest in study, giving students the initiative to learn.However, small class teaching , which is quite popular in Hong Kong, can also cater the needs of different children. Due to the decreasing birth rate, schools started to implement small-class teaching and has smaller teacher-to student ratio. This allows teachers to pay more attention to each student in class. Flexible combination of subjects can also be achieved by new curriculum. In the past, usually students were divided into art, science and commerce classes and they were only allowed to choose subjects which are related to each other. Now, students under the new curriculum are allowed to choose subjects freely.For example, student can choo se to study Biology, a science subject, and grapny, an art subject. Some also claimed that homeschooling can enhance close family relationship. However, this may not be true. Conflicts and arguments are easily happened when parents stay with their children all the time. Parents may easily lose temper when their children are not listening to them or cannot follow their teaching schedule as they are more emotionally affected when facing their own children. Moreover, children may easily lose concentration on learning as there are too many temptations at home as mentioned before.If parents punished their children for this, the parent- child relationship would suffer. All in all, homeschooling should not replace normal schooling for the betterment of students as there are too many weaknesses of homeschooling though admitted that normal schooling has its flaws. In the current education system, students are required to study a fixed and long syllabus within a short period of time. Students study under tremendous pressure and may eventually lose interest in study. However, homeschooling neglects the social development of children which is vital in modern society.

Environmental Taxes in the Uk

Environmental Taxes in the UK| BEA2002 Group Report Assignment| Ben Dance, Liwei Rao, Qi Gao, Nellie Ho and Ahmed Mujtaba| 1. Introduction 1. 0 We have been commissioned by the government to write a report on how the current UK tax system encourages taxpayers to behave in an environmentally friendly manner. In the first part of the report we will look at three elements of the UK system and outline how they encourage environmentally friendly behaviour and in the second part we will compare these elements to measures in place in Sweden. 2.Key Elements of the UK Tax System 2. 1 Climate Change Levy 2. 1. 1CCL is a tax on the supply of energy to businesses in the commercial, agricultural and industrial sectors. The tax, introduced in April 2001, works by charging for each unit of energy used therefore the more energy used the more tax a business has to pay. It’s an arbitrary way of trying to get businesses to reduce the energy they use and the emissions they produce. The charge per unit of energy varies depending on the commodity used and the pollution that the commodity produces.For example, electricity has a higher rate of charge (0. 509 pence per kilowatt hour) compared to gas (0. 177 pence per kilowatt hour) because it is more damaging to the environment (HMRC, 2013). 2. 1. 2 The government claims the CCL has had a significant impact on reducing the emissions produced by the UK. However, the House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee has an alternate view that the reductions are due to other measures already in place. They believe that the CCL rates are not significant enough to influence behaviour (CIOT, 2009).Another argument suggests that businesses are just passing on the tax by increasing their prices leaving the incidence of the tax with the consumers. If we look at the tax revenues from CCL, we can see that it has never reached its annual target of ? 1 bn, suggesting the tax is ineffective (Annie Reece, 2012). 2. 1. 3 In support of the governme nt claims, there is clear evidence that the annual emissions are on the down – carbon dioxide emissions have decreased by 15. 9% from 1990 to 2010 (Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2013).It may not be clear whether this is down to CCL but you cannot argue that companies are now far more aware of their emissions. 2. 2 Landfill Tax 2. 2. 1 The UK government introduced the landfill tax in October 1996 in order to meet its obligations under the 1999 EU landfill directive. Before 1996, the municipal waste in UK was growing at an average rate of 3% per annum up to 21. 63 million tonnes in 1995/96 (European Commission, 2001). However, even after this introduction the UK remained as one of the biggest producers of waste in Europe.To combat this, the Treasury implemented a radically increasing rate of landfill tax (CIOT, 2009). There are two types of landfill wastes which are taxed at two different rates. The first type is the normal (active) waste which is taxed at ? 64/tonne a nd will most likely rise to ? 80/tonne in 2014; the other type is known as inert waste, such as rock and bricks, which is taxed at ? 2. 5/tonne. 2. 2. 2 The general incentive of the landfill tax is to encourage more sustainable waste management and to alter businesses and customers’ behaviour by producing less waste.However, the tax has not been as effective as expected. The disposal of inert waste has declined but the same cannot be said for active waste. A possible reason for this could be that, although the tax rate of inert waste is much lower than active in absolute value, it is higher in percentage value which means the tax burden on an inert waste producer is heavier than on an active waste producer (European Commission, 2001). Also, the active waste is more likely to be weighed at the disposal stage rather than collection stage, which may result in less incentive for individuals to reduce their waste.The revenue from the landfill tax is only a small proportion of the total tax revenue to the HMRC, so the large increase of this tax reflects the determination of government to change waste behaviour rather than raising tax revenue. 2. 3 Fuel Tax 2. 3. 1 In the UK there is a fuel tax  that is applied to all Hydrocarbon fuels, including unleaded petrol, diesel, LPG, biodiesel, bioethanol and other fuels that are used in cars. The rate of the fuel duty is usually set during the budget preparation and it consists of an additional tax that is applied to the petrol before it is sold.Currently the tax levied on the most commonly used petrol and diesel prices are 85p and 85. 93p respectively. Thus, the total price for the petrol and diesel is around 136. 26p and 143. 27p respectively as well (BBC Business, 2012). 2. 3. 2 Such taxes are levied by the government to reduce the excessive usage of the fossil fuels and in this case oil. Petrol and diesel are both extracted from the crude oil and are the most commonly used fuels around the world. The government hopes that the tax will reduce usage because it is directly passed onto the consumers.Thus, not only would this measure rake in millions for the government, it would also reduce the carbon footprint which is a concern for the countries like UK. 2. 3. 3 As a result of this 527 million fewer litres of petrol and diesel were sold in the UK last year, as individuals and companies chose to drive less, according to Edmund King, president of the Automobile Association. The government has faced a lot of criticism from some groups about the tax and praise from others such as various environmental group and agencies (BBC Business, 2012). . 3. 4 In particular, â€Å"a review by Lord Heseltine into governments continued support for low and ultra-low carbon vehicles† was deemed helpful by SMMT chief executive Paul Everitt. 2. 3. 5 Separately, changes to capital allowance and tax relief rules, as well as the car fuel benefit charge, should help â€Å"green the UK's business fleet†, according to Mike Moore, automotive analyst with Deloitte, a consultancy. He also added â€Å"This means that businesses should seriously consider the carbon footprint of their fleet in order to control costs. (D Martin, 2012). 3. 0 Comparison with Sweden 3. 1 Climate Change Tax 3. 1. 1 In Sweden, there is a variety green taxes related to climate change. Sweden was the first country in Europe to introduce a green tax in 1991 when they brought in the Energy and Carbon Dioxide Tax (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2000). This introduction, ten years ahead of the UK, shows that the Swedish government was much more aware of the damage their behaviour was causing than the UK government. 3. 1. The Swedish Energy and Carbon Dioxide Tax works by charging the user for the amount of CO2 produced unlike the UK CCL which charges in respect of the source of energy. Both have the same impact on behaviour as they both encourage taxpayers to reduce the amount of energy they use and the em issions they produce. Over the years, there has been a significant increase on the tax rate to continue the fight against climate change. The increase has been so great that Sweden now has the highest carbon tax rate worldwide (Government Commission of Measures against Climate Change, 2000). . 1. 3 Unlike we found in the UK, it has had a huge impact on individual and business behaviour. There has been a 9% reduction in gas emissions in the past decade even though economy has grown 44%. At present, the general CO2 tax rate amounts to more than 100 EUR/tone; this is a much larger burden than the UK’s CCL rate (Swedish National Energy Administration, 2000). This may explain why the Swedish Tax has changed the behaviour so much more. 3. 1. 4 In the UK, we found that it is not clear which tax is causing the reduction in emissions.However, in Sweden the CO2 tax has contributed significantly to reducing fossil fuel consumption, particularly the situation for the household, service s ectors and district heating production, where the full CO2 tax rate is applied (Developing Green Taxation – Summary of a Government Assignment Report 5390, 2004). 3. 2 Landfill Tax 3. 2. 1 The current landfill tax in Sweden, which was introduced in January 2000, is very similar to the tax in the UK in that it aims to prevent the increase of waste generated.However, Sweden also uses their tax to try and encourage the use of the waste to generate energy while minimizing health and environmental effects to humans (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2009). The tax rate started off at â‚ ¬26/tonne and has increased to â‚ ¬47/tonne (? 40) (Scottish Government Rural Environment Research, 2008). This is lower than the rate in the UK (? 64/tonne) which suggests that waste management is not as big an issue in Sweden when compared to the UK. 3. 2. 2 Before 2000, landfill only went down by 2% p. . but after the implementation, it began to decrease by 1 3. 6% p. a. between 1999 and 2006. At the same time, recycling in the country increased by 4. 6% p. a (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2012). In 2009, revenue from landfill tax was only 15% of that in 2000, which proves that the tax has provided a good incentive in Sweden to reduce waste; unlike the UK where the tax has been arguably ineffective (European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2012). 3. 2. Sweden has also successfully implemented schemes which divert landfill to recycling or to waste-to-energy power plants, where it is burned as fuel. According to the most recent figures from Eurostat, only 1% of waste from Swedish households ends up in landfill. This is much lower than the same figure for the UK of 48% which suggests the recycling schemes in place in the UK are not effective (Care2, 2012). The beverage industry in Sweden has a return rate of over 90% on glass and plastic bottles which shows the tax affects businesse s behaviour as well as households (Scottish Government Rural and Environment Research, 2008). 3. . 4 From this comparison, it seems apparent that the UK could learn from Sweden and change people’s behaviour more effectively by implementing and encouraging a better recycling scheme rather than penalizing people through taxes. 3. 3 Fuel Tax 3. 3. 1 The fuel tax in Sweden comprises of an energy tax  and a carbon tax. A tax is placed on top of the price of petrol in the same way that the UK government do. The total tax (including  value added tax) has been 6. 875 kr (about ? 0. 6913) per litre since January 1, 201. This rate is lower than the tax in the UK which again suggests that the consumption of fuel is less of an issue. . 3. 2 The energy tax contains excises on motor vehicle fuels, the average proportion being 3. 4 points in EU. Sweden is the country has second highest percentage (4. 9 points) among the EU member states. This tax is similar to the vehicle road tax in th e UK. 3. 3. 4 There is a significant difference in the revenues of fuel tax in the UK and Sweden. In the UK, the proportion of the revenue of fuel tax amounts to more than 90% of the total energy taxes revenue, while the percentage for Sweden is only slightly above 50 %.The tax revenues on natural gas and electricity are the main reasons that result to this different situation. Sweden collects the most revenues from electricity and natural gas taxes (about 30 %). In contrast, the United Kingdom only receives negligible revenues on related items (less than 2 %) (Taxation trends in the European Union, 2009). 3. 3. 5 As is well known, Sweden has a high international profile in environmental policy all over the world. The revenue from environmentally related taxes is however not particularly high in this country.On the other hand, the revenue from green taxes in Sweden has been steady rather than decline in recent years, which is in contrast to the trend in many other countries (Swedish Tax Policy: Recent Trends and Future Challenges, 2010). Bibliography CIOT, 2009. Green Tax Report. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 28 January 2013]. HMRC, 2013. Climate Change Levy Rates from April 2012. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 28 January 2013]. Annie Reece, 2012. Landfill Tax Revenue Set to Increase. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 28 January 2013]. Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2013. GHG Inventory summary Factsheet. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 28 January 2013]. European Commission, 2001.Study on the Economic and Environmental Implications of the Use of Environmental Taxes and Charges in the European Union and its Member States. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 27 January 2013] BBC Business, 2012. Fuel duty rise cancelled by chancellor. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 February 2013]. BBC Business, 2012. Budget 2012: Fuel duty increase gets go-ahead. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 February 2013].D Martin, 2012. We're the fuel tax capita l of Europe: British motorists pay up to 60% duty and VAT on petrol – the highest figure in the EU. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 February 2013]. Care2, 2012. The Environment and Wildlife Cause. [online. ] Available at: [Accessed 5 February 2013]. European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, 2009. Fact Sheet for Sweden. [online. ] Available at:

The Case of Revision R v G and Another Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Case of Revision R v G and Another - Essay Example However, the House of Lords overruled, on the grounds that an element of men's rea was a requirement in all cases involving serious offenses. The boys were therefore not found guilty of arson, or the crime of causing damage by fire3. The former was classified as objective recklessness and the latter as subjective recklessness and this had to be assessed by reference to the reasonable man. The case of Cunningham4 established conclusively that subjective recklessness involving offenses committed â€Å"intentionally and recklessly† will make the accused liable. But Caldwell imputed liability for objective recklessness as well, although Lord Edmund Davies noted a dissenting opinion on the objective recklessness of the defendant as follows: â€Å"†¦a jury could not on those words alone, properly convict him of recklessness simply because they considered that the risk ought to have crossed his mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 5 The House of Lords decision however overruled on the grounds that foresight or the ability to make an assessment of the consequences was deemed to be an essential part of recklessness as laid out under Section 1 of the Criminal Damage Act. The basis upon which the lower Court’s decision was overruled was that when a judgment was made on the liability for objective recklessness without making any allowance for the youth of the defendants or for whether they had the mental capacity to understand the consequences of their actions, it is bound to be erroneous. The House of Lords held that since the boys did not maliciously and deliberately set out to cause damage to the property, neither did they foresee the risk of the damages that could occur through the spread of the fire, they could not be deemed to be guilty of arson. A conviction for a crime should prove not merely an act of omission leading to a crime but also a culpable state of mind, in accordance with the principle of m en's rea. Therefore a defendant who genuinely did not perceive the risk cannot be exposed to serious punishment.

Lesson 8 discussion & Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson 8 discussion & - Assignment Example I prefer Jimi Hendrixs version of the Bob Dylan tune "All Along the Watchtower". Bob Dylan’s Version is keeping the folk genre and has incorporated harmonica. Moreover, Dylan’s version possesses the rawness within his singing, and I enjoy the simple, undistorted instrumentation. Moreover, Bob Dylans tune does not display the similar angst and emotion that the Jimi Hendrix tune hosts. The groove and instrumentation of Hendrixs cover develops a visual of what the tune represents. The guitar leads a stronger sound and beefs up the song. Moreover, Dylans version is a little more ancient, but I cannot quite understand the lyrics. Side by side, I think that each contain raw emotions that appeal to their audience. With Bob Dylans country esque vocals on top of bluegrass ish music, and Jimi Hendrix electrified energy filled sound, both provide very different approaches while achieving their goal. Hendrix’s version also involves listener more and possesses more surprise e lements in it that is it is full of energy, dynamics, and contrasting sections. Bob Dylan’s recording of the "All Along the Watchtower" is about the lyrics since Dylan maintains the rhythm section simple with a steady groove on mostly acoustic instruments. He focuses on the words and the message the song send to the listener at the expense of the musicality and instrumentation of it. Moreover, he keeps the melody in a small range when singing and the harmonica in between verses adds some variety and response to the vocals. Moreover, Dylan keeps it simple folk sound accompanied by a light arrangement and simplicity. Conversely, Hendrix takes the song away from the existing folk genre through the introduction of the mechanism that use relatively heavier instrument with louder drums and electric guitar. Jimi Hendrix’s version is completely different since he rocks the tune out. Nevertheless, he adds heavy guitar, which is extremely appealing

Women in James Bon films from a feminist perspective Essay

Women in James Bon films from a feminist perspective - Essay Example Some of the Bond women and Bond female characters are now seen as more than sexual interest for the lead character, but as characters also toting guns, karate chops, heroism, and villainy (Garland, 2009). Still, Bond women are viewed in general by society as simply entertaining eye-candy. This paper shall present an analysis of women in James Bond films from a feminist perspective, using some of the thoughts laid out by feminist philosopher Luce Irigaray. An analysis of the evolution of these female roles shall also be evaluated, mostly determining how the perspectives have changes and how feminism has impacted on how these female roles have been portrayed in the films. According to Jenkins (2005), the James Bond films have a persistent appeal based on the fantasy world from its parade of attractive female Bond characters. Such distinct female roles are often crucial to the story being told including the overall feel of these films. Each Bond movie has numerous female characters who are usually meant to distract and also help Bond in his spy mission. More often than not, there is one distinct, strikingly beautiful and, svelte Bond girl who is presented as a potential love interest for Bond; she is usually cunning, and judging from the name she goes by (Pussy Galore, Honey Ryder, Holly Goodhead), also self-assured (Rubin, 2003). Bond girls have become a staple in Bond movies and the casting of such female role has often attracted major global attention, with the chosen female often gaining much media attention even before the films start to shoot (d’Abo and Cork, 2003). The dominant preference of the Western culture for the lead female charac ter in the Bond films to comply with such attractive and often sexist parameters have been viewed by feminists with much disdain (Carpenter, 2000). Through the many incarnations

Definition paper on Patriotism Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Definition on Patriotism - Research Paper Example The eagle is strong, ferocious and majestic. This is how patriotic citizens of the United States view themselves and their nation. Finally, patriotism invariably is connected with support of the armed forces. These are the men and women that serve their nation every day. They are willing to put themselves in harm’s way for the defense of the country that they love. A good workable definition of patriotism then would simply be a love of one’s homeland (Bennett, 2008). While all of these symbols of patriotism are powerful in their own way, they do not capture the true meaning of patriotism. There are three key activities that define true patriotism. Patriotism is defined by education that teaches you about your rights, engagement that brings your rights as a citizen to life, and courage to stand and speak for what is truly in the best interest of the nation. The first key to being a patriotic citizen is education. Often, we only think of education as something that happen s in schools. This type of formal education is vital for patriotic citizenship. Learning about the structure of the American government as outlined in the Constitution is an important first step. A basic understanding of the history of the documents that lead to the establishment of the United States of America and the current Constitution is essential if a citizen is to really be patriotic. Anyone can get misty-eyed at the sight of a bald eagle soaring through an azure sky superimposed over the image of the flag waving in the breeze. This is not true patriotism. A real patriot must know why the government works the way it does (Haynes, 2009). Patriotic citizens must know what their rights are or they may find themselves in a situation that they are loosing rights that they never even knew they had. Understanding important concepts found in the Constitution such as checks and balances, representative democracy and due process are essential for patriotism to exist because these ideas are the foundation that underlies the symbols of patriotism. All citizens need to know the content of the Bill of Rights and other Amendments to the Constitution. Without this academic knowledge, patriotism is nothing more than emotions generated by familiar symbols of the nation. Once an academic understanding of the rights of citizens has been obtained, it is then necessary for the patriot to transfer that knowledge to his or her daily life. It is important for the citizens of the United States to know what due process looks like in the real world so they can know if their rights have been taken away. They need to understand how Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Assemble allow them to do the things they do and say the things they say so that these privileges will not ever be lost due to apathy. An understanding of what Constitutional rights look like in real life allows people to participate in the next element of patriotism. Acquiring the education necessary for patriotism is not a passive process. In a formal setting such as school textbooks must be studied, homework must be completed and tests must be passed. This requires effort. Informal learning about rights and responsibilities of patriotic citizens requires effort as well. Much of this learning occurs while actually living life. That is why the act of engagement is so vital for patriotism. There are many different ways a person can engage in the political process. Patriotism requires citizens to engage on each of these levels. The first level is to meet legal

What is a hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is a hero - Essay Example As Nanda would put it, a hero need not be somebody of dignified importance, a common man be a hero (1). A hero can come in many different shapes and sizes. Male or female, child or elderly, family member or a complete stranger, there is no limit to who can be someone’s hero and anyone can â€Å"fit as aptly into the category as a king or an eli† (Nanda 1). In the selections that were read, hero came in various forms and even in unusual way. Perhaps, the closest to the stereotype of hero is the character of Hard Rock in the poem â€Å"Hard Rock Returns to Prison† by Etheridge Knight, where a tough guy is type casted to the typical mold of a hero. He is a big black man from prison that everyone knows as being rough and tough. He was â€Å"known to take no shit from nobody.† ( Etheridge Knight, 194) he would whoop on anyone who said anything bad towards anyone. So the other prisoners looked at him as their hero. One had said â€Å"he had been our Destroyer, the doer of things we dreamed of doing but could not bring ourselves to do.† (Etheridge Knight, 195). In a way they all looked up to him, because he had the courage to do and stick up for what he believed in. Heroes need not to be as tough as Hard Rock also. They can be as gentle as our mothers but can become a hero in someone else’s eyes. This was the case in the short story â€Å"The Train from Hate† there is a completely different type of hero. The hero is a young boy’s mother where her character was not necessarily as tough and popular as Knight’s Hard Rock but rather of someone with steely disposition. This was evident when they were kicked off the train for being colored. Instead of causing a big scene she simply gets off. The boy was very upset they had to do this but she explained to him carefully it is has nothing to do with them. â€Å"She assured me that the conductor was not superior because he was white, and I was not inferior because I was black.† (John Hope Franklin

Hypothesis Tests for Means and Proportions Research Paper

Hypothesis Tests for Means and Proportions - Research Paper Example Type I error is defined as the error of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true. In this case type error would be the error of inferring that the bags are less than 12.0 ounces (less than claimed value) but in reality its weight is either 12.0 ounces or even greater. Level of significance refers to the probability of type I error, that means a fixed probability, in statistical hypothesis testing, of wrongly rejecting a null hypothesis Ho, when it is true. It is represented by . As evident from the given problem, the investigator had a doubt that the claimed weight of the potato bags is greater than the actual weight. To verify the authenticity of this claim, he collected some 30 bags and found the mean of those bags, which came out to be 11.9 ounces. Although the mean weight came out to be lesser than the claimed one. But the real question or logic behind hypothesis testing is that we want to ascertain that whether it would be appropriate to consider the difference of 0.1 ounces from observing 30 bags with the standard deviation of 0.4 a 'significant' one and infer this difference as on the entire population.

Decartes' Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decartes' Argument - Essay Example We look at and feel the objects around us with our senses- thus our senses are the gateway to understand the phenomena of the world. However, our senses and perceptions are defined in different ways. Sometimes we do not feel the same way about certain things at different times. As we grow from our infancy to adulthood and beyond, our perceptions change with time, our experiences, and learning. Therefore, we cannot depend upon our senses to comprehend or understand the nature of objects or the world itself. Our senses give us a limited knowledge about other objects or ourselves. For instance, we can sense or feel physical or emotional pain through our senses; yet we cannot ascertain the duration of pain from our previous experiences. This is an everyday example that manifests the limitation of trusting our senses. Descartes argued that passion led by reason can be trusted to a greater extent. This is because with each new experience, we learn something new about the way we perceive the world with our senses. If our reasoning faculty is in charge of our senses, we can broaden the areas where we can trust our senses. The claim is that if, in any particular case, the teachings of nature were untrustworthy, then the veracious God would have given us the means to correct it... we can ... trust the teachings of nature and believe that our sensations proceed from bodies, in spite of the fact that our inclinations are not always trustworthy. But, when another faculty, reason, of course, gives us the means to correct the teachings of nature, then they must be rejected... In the end, Descartes uses sensation to establish the existence of bodies, he is very careful to claim that sensation, by itself, does not establish the nature of bodies. (Rorty, 106) This is where other philosophers object to Descartes argument. He believes that senses do not belong to the material world as they keep changing with the change in objects; or sometimes convey incorrect perception of

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Through this process the organization is able to balance its priorities, allocate the available resources for maximization of the profits of the organization and generate realistic business plans. Over the years several research studies have been conducted in this field of the management science, and models like Balanced Scorecard has been developed which are basically designed for helping the organizations in their drive towards being more competitive in achieving their goals. This paper brings out an evaluation of Balanced Scorecard model as applied to a public sector organisation together with the implementation of the system as well as its operation and usefulness. With a view to measuring a firm's activities in terms of its vision and strategies and to give the manager's a comprehensive view of the performance of a business, a concept which is described as Balanced Scorecard was introduced by Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton in the year 1992. There have been several studies conducted on the subject of Balanced Scorecard to develop the concept adaptable to the changing circumstances and needs of the organizations. "The Balanced Scorecard method of Kaplan and Norton is a strategic approach and performance management system that enables the organ... The four perspectives are: 1. Financial perspective encompassing the implementation of a corporate database for processing the information in a centralized and automated way. 2. Customer perspective focusing on customer needs and customer satisfaction 3. Business process perspective by designing metrics to show the performance of the organization with strategic management processes, mission-oriented processes and support processes 4. Learning and growth perspective including employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self improvement. (Kaplan & Norton 1996) For each of the perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard four things are required to be monitored and respective scores studied. Objectives: The overall objectives of the organization need to be studied and properly scored. The objectives may relate to the profitability, marketing or capacity utilization etc. Measures: Once the objectives are established the next logical step is to identify the proper tools and parameters and define them to measure the organisational's performance towards achieving these objectives. For example the growth in the net margin or the sales in a particular region may well act as the measurement parameters. Targets: When the measurement parameters are established suitable targets need to be evolved to transform the organizational objectives into reality. Achieving a reduction in the manufacturing cost to the extent of 5% annually may be fixed as a target. Initiatives: Proper initiatives in the form of projects of programmes need to be developed as a support for achieving the set targets. If the targets are supported by initiatives, it may not be possible for the organization to achieve its

Why People Should Read Books Essay Example for Free

Why People Should Read Books Essay It is a disappointment that people read books less often in these days of widespread technological reliance. Books were the primary source of intellectual entertainment just a hundred years ago, but with the invention of radio, television, cinematography, and the Internet and computer games, it seems that reading books is no longer a popular leisure activity. However, I believe that books are an irreplaceable part of our lives, and the role that masterfully-written books play on the personal growth and development of a particular person throughout one’s life is a remarkable one. Books directly expand our consciousness of how we live and where we live, enrich our power to express ourselves, supply us with inspiration in a way that other mediums cannot compete with. Books expand our knowledge and conception of the world around us. One may argue that films and TV documentaries do that too, but I believe that books are a much better alternative, since they allow each reader to experience the same story using one’s own imagination. When a hundred people watch a film or a TV show, they see the same content – whatever the director and the producer wish to show. Books are different. The experience achieved through reading is richer and more personal, since the same description and the same word choice will result in as many different interpretations as there are readers. We are all unique, and books allow us to experience whatever is narrated in the light of our own personal values, through our ideas and our imagination. In addition, books enrich our vocabulary, introduce us to new notions and offer a wider choice of words to us. With every book we read, we become more intelligent. Even reading one seemingly more primitive pulp fiction book per month can enrich one’s personal vocabulary with dozens of new words, help us build more concise sentences on our own and express oneself better, make one’s speech more intelligent. Watching certain TV programs and documentary films can also widen one’s vocabulary, but hardly as effectively as books do, since reading operates with both more sophisticated visual and audio (if reading aloud) receptors. Moreover, our imagination reproduces mental pictures of what we are reading about, so a new word automatically links to a certain image and a particular feeling that it relates to. Therefore, reading books is a wonderful tool when it comes to learning and developing one’s vocabulary at any age. Books are a fantastic source of inspiration. Unlike fine art, architecture or travelling, books help us create our own mental illustration for what we read on paper. In a way, books make us all artists and creators of our own mental cartoons, movies or illustration collections. Every image we create ourselves is automatically allotted a certain emotion, whether a simple or a more complicated one. Every mental image that a written word projects is vibrant with feelings and emotions. This is what makes books powerful and memorable. Books are an endless source of inspiration and motivation to become a better person. I am certain that creating a system of symbols and eventually an alphabet, words, and books was the greatest series of inventions of humankind. The books I am talking about are classics, those that do not have an expiration date and will be priceless for any generation. They will continue sparking new ideas, inspiring new deeds and enriching the lives of every generation to come. I am positive that books will eventually regain their popularity with today’s youth, since unlike the popular kinds of entertainment in fashion today, books are those roots to which people will go back, in search of the motivation, inspiration and aspiration, to find the true meaning and value of life.

Dialog GSM: An Analysis

Dialog GSM: An Analysis Market Planning Changing Market Demand 1 Executive Summery Dialog GSM is a Leading telecommunication vendor in Sri Lanka Catering a customer base of 6 Million subscribers , with regard to the recent change in environment there has been a significance increase in demand for telecommunication need , Identifying environment change in time Dialog GSM wishes to have short term marketing plan evaluation report to cater the current situation, The following report will initially address a 2 years short term marketing plan which initially highlights on a short term marketing plan based on the current environmental situation analysis, following marketing plan will identify the approaches strategies recommendation to achieve the organizational goal A critical evaluation report is also prepared to company the success of the marketing plan. Evaluation report will highlight on how Dialog GSM will adopt to the role of marketing and marketing planning in responding to a change in the external marketing environment further evaluation report address on justifying the process of undertaking the marketing audit, and identifies the issues of information gathering and analysis associated in preparing the short tem marketing plan how an appropriate strategy which can be developed to overcome the current situation , utilizing segmentation-targeting-positioning strategy finally identify potential that may be encountered in implementing the marketing plan present operational proposals for addressing the potential issues 2 Rational of Assignment The rational of the assignment highlights significance increase in the level of demand for the Mobile telecommunication Sector in Sri Lanka, Since the Sri Lankan war has ended in the northern eastern region of Sri Lanka in May 2009, The need for telecommunication need has increased targeting a additional customer base of 3.5 4.5 Million and above which could bring more revenue market share to Dialog GSM (Sunday Observer, August 2009) The emergence of wireless-enabled computing devices are empowered by ubiquitous, low-cost wireless data mobile connections; In other words, we have a growing need for on-the-go communication supplemented by the rollout of 3G (third generation) cellular services and widespread Wi-Fi hotspots. This is motivating telecommunication providers, expand the market share and in such small market the post war situation has lead to tremendous opportunity among telecommunication vendors The Above diagram shows the opportunity in the market which is very much positive indicating the growth in telecommunication sector The following report will highlight on a 2 years short term marketing plan on how Dialog GSM can cope up to the significance rising demand since high competition is also expected to capture the same opportunity how Dialog GSM would have to plan in terms of Product positioning, segmentation marketing strategy to overcome such competition 3 Situation Analysis Current post war situation is created a tremendous opportunity to exploit new market, in analyzing the market environment; market economy is improving gradually as shown in the Macro Micro analysis (see appendix, Internal Environmental Analysis, PESTLE Analysis (Porters five forces Analysis) As Sri Lankan economy is moving towards a recovering phase the probability and chances of an individual owning a mobile connection is high , as per the SWOT analysis its identified in about 20 million population in Sri Lanka, so far 10 million connection being sold which indicates the potential of the growing market Today all mobile providers have huge potential in exploiting the market, where fierce competition is looked forward. One of the South Asian mobile operator, Airtel and Mobitel have shown interest to open their local offices and base stations in the northern region after the post war situation In terms of Sri Lankan mobile industry, end customers look forward for a low cost affordability package and when comparing different vendors value added features plays a vital role in decision making process which is identified in Macro Analysis. Innovative technologies help brand to lead the market and generate revenue, for example, the innovation and the launch of 3.5G services was firstly introduced by Dialog GSM and this has created a huge value for the brand and the mobile broadband technology in Sri Lanka. According to the present market situation identified, Dialog GSM needs to act fast and need to be innovative to be a leader in Sri Lankan mobile telecommunication sector, the following Marketing plan will address how Dialog GSM should improve revenue growth while improving market share. 3.1 Key Opportunities Threat Identified from current situation According to the current market analysis, the key opportunities and threats found through the internal external marketing audit done (see appendix, Internal Environmental Analysis, PESTLE Analysis ) Porters Five forces Analysis), based on this information Dialog GSM could plan for a Synergistic plan to satisfy the increasing demand for Mobile telecommunication in Sri Lanka ,Based on this information Dialog GSM could plan for a Synergistic plan to satisfy the increasing demand for Mobile telecommunication in Sri Lanka SWOT analysis is a tool that marketers use to assess an organizations strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Strength and weakness are internal factors that are directly controllable by marketers. Opportunities and threats are external factors that are uncontrollable (Pride et al, 2006). Key Opportunities Key Threats Opportunity to increase additional customer base of 4.5 Million subscribers from the post-war region Opportunity for major market development strategy Be a firs telecommunication provider to establish a strong island wide network distribution channel Opportunity to cater more CSR projects for the post war region to build good personal relationship. †¢ Competitors also aiming the same post-war region to capture market share †¢ Environmental changes in the political, social and economical conditions and the laws and regulations (Eg: TRC-SL regulations) actions will have impact on moving further 4 Corporate Objective Marketing objectives should possess certain characteristics (Pride et al, 2006): * Firstly, a marketing objective should be expressed in clear, simple terms so that marketing personnel understand exactly what they must achieve. * Secondly, it should written so that it can be measurable and * Thirdly, it should specify a time frame to accomplish The below from 2008 annual report explains the marketing objectives of Dialog GSM for the next 2 years. (Dialog GSM Annual Report, June 2008) 5 Segmentation There are a number of reasons why organizations undertake segmentation (Doyle, 1994): * To meet consumer needs more precisely * To Increase profits * To gain segment leadership * To retain customers * To Focus marketing communication 6 Targeting Targeting is all about which market segment(s) a business decides to priorities for its sales and marketing effort (Dibb, Simkin, Pride Ferrel, 2001) Targeting the right product to the right segment using the right marketing mix is important; Dialog GSM needs to implement differential targeting strategy for the segment of customers identified as above to cater the post war region, each product based segments have mentioned above has different characters from each other, identifying the correct audience and implementing the appropriate marketing mix strategy is important 7 Positioning Kotler (1998) defines positioning is a act of designing an offer so that it occupies a distinct and valued places in the mind of the target customer Dialog GSM should be able to retain and position the brand a leader by providing the best quality of customer service and the up to date innovative technical infrastructure to cater its customers base island wide, still Dialog GSM needs to maintain its customer service quality to be perceived among the current and potential customer to be a market leader 8 Dialog GSM Strategy Audit 8.1 Dialog GSM Value Chain Analysis 8.1.1 Support Activities Infrastructure Dialog GSM success to become a market leader in a short time frame is its infrastructure which the organization has created to support the each element of the value chain Human Resource Management Dialog GSM has a dedicated human resource management team to fulfill the gap of the human resource needs full fill the skill gaps of the staff to position them self as a market leader In current scenario resource will be mostly need for new product development customer care Technology Development Internal technology development is important to sustain the market position in terms of developing next generation of communication tools Investment in research development in technology will emphasis more towards the future growth Procurement Supply chain management is important part to support the ongoing business model, the following systems in place is important for Dialog GSM to sustain market leadership in the Telco sector * Procurement system * Inventory System * Logistics 8.1.2 Primary Activities Inbound Logistics Inbound logistic is important for routine based operational activities, Proper co-ordination management of logistics will help the staff and the functional departments to achieve the objectives Operational This will be the improvements inbound logistics from the suppliers Out Bond Logistics Out bound logistics will be better in terms of partnership with 3rd party vendors Marketing Sale This would be the support of 4Ps communicational activities , Dialog GSM has a dedicated sales marketing team to full fill this function within the organization , sales team is divided to target the B2B B2C target customers , while marketing team full fills the marketing activities to achieve the marketing objectives Service This would be one of the vital aspects of supporting the customers; Dialog GSM has initiated 247 customer hot line to support the customers, apart from this Dialog GSM has also created an online support system as well (Dialog GSM Customer Service Standards, June 2009) 8.2 Competitive Analysis Michel Porter (1985) defined a competitive advantage grid is based upon three generic strategies that enable an organization to closely identify the varies competitive position options open to them, The strategies are categorized as: * Cost leadership strategy * Differentiation strategy * Focus (or Segmentation) strategy A focus (Segmentation) strategy is determined to be narrow in scope whilst cost leadership and differentiation are relatively broad in scope. The following diagram demonstrates the three strategies in this context. As a market leader in a highly competitive market Dialog GSM focus to be a cost leader in terms of reducing operational cost to which could add value to develop new differential strategies to counter the current concentrated market , such as invest more money to 1. Research and development 2. Geographical expansion of the business to post war region 3. To open new outlets in newly identified market Also Dialog GSM should have a differential strategy to highlight its unique competency it the mobile telecommunication market against the growing competitors 8.3 Product Portfolio Analysis There are a number of portfolio models that are used to identify the current position of business units or products. This position will be the result of the organizations current resources and can be seen as a symptom of the competencies and assets of the organization. They reflect the organizations current performance and identify strengths on which the marketing strategy can be built, or weaknesses that the Strategy is required to overcome. 9 Marketing Strategy Dialog GSM is looking to exploit the growing new and increasing mobile telephony in the post war region with a repositioned and re priced product using various Marketing mix strategy of Product reposition and promotional strategy Customers and Corporate customers will be targeted will be targeted as with additional emphasis on new partnership which will differentiate Dialog GSM from its competitors Customers will continue to receive customized support and personal packages, but the focus of the future business will move towards aggressively to newly identified segments and geographical markets Gap analysis is a tool used by marketing managers to decide on strategies and tactics. This is done by asking two main questions, where are we now? And where do we want to be? The difference between the two is the GAP. Source www.marketingteacher.com Improve existing operation Since the gap shows of LKR 30 Million, it is important to look into strategies to close the gap, initially Dialog should emphasize on developing appropriate Marketing mix strategy to over come the revised forecast Moving forward Dialog GSM look into key strategies for growth, new product development to close the overall gap 9.1 Marketing Strategy for Growth Ansoffs Growth Matrix (1957) is a tool used to assist organization in the generation of strategy alternatives. It suggests that an organization will grow depending upon whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing market ANSOFF MARTIX Product Existing Product New Product Market Existing Market Market Penetration -(High) Aim * Increase usage among existing subscribers Focus * Promote existing product to existing customers Issue * Competitors also currently following penetration strategy due to the market saturation Product Development (High) Aim * Increase usage among existing subscribers Focus * Innovation development of new products and technology such as 3.5G , MMS , Mobile broad band which could bring more revenue * Also improvise on value added service like news alerts ,via sums Issue * Level of investment will be high , its advisable New Market Market Development (High) Aim * Expand Dialog GSM presence into new market to increase market share Focus * Promote existing product to new market * Identify key segments in new market  · Appoint new resellers in the identified potential geographical region Issue * Selected market should be highly analyzed before entering , new markets structure , logistics availability , economic condition has to be analyzed well Diversification (Low) Aim * Build a new strategy to enter new market with new products for growth Focus * Focus new markets like neighbor country Maldives to ender with new products like corporate internet solution Issue * High risk and high investment needed to move into a new product and market Recommendation Its recommended that Dialog GSM should apply Product development Market development as a strategy for growth profitability while market penetration can be used to retain market share, Diversification strategy will be a high risk to enter without proper study of a new market and it requires huge investment to develop new products 10 Marketing Mix Strategy Product * Since most of the post-war regional customers are† Tamil†, we need to do product customization in terms of their flexible language such as product broacher, customer support ,branch outlet branding * Dialog GSM needs to position their value added services to retain and differentiate from competitors, Customer service will also be a vital value added product where a customer will be evaluating against the competitor service * Formation of a product development team is important to produce new products for newly identified segments Price * Since post war region is yet to be developed in a high scale, price should be at a affordable cost * As long as new products like mobile broadband doesnt concur competition price skimming strategy could be applied Place * Formation of new distribution channel is important , since the product demand has increased reforming a new full fletched distribution system is important Opening of new business outlets Partnership with retail outlets to provide services Appoint Regional distributors to stock and sell products of Dialog Reinforce relationship with channel partners Promotion * Implementing a integrated communication mix is important for the success of Dialog GSM achieving its marketing objective * Promotional activities at outlets such as merchandising * Sales Promotion can be used in the penetration strategy , while Advertising of ATL BTL can be used to create high awareness in the new market identified * Direct Marketing can be identified to target new segment (Ex: Send a direct mailer to corporate executives on mobile broadband technology) People * Staff is the key strength of Dialog, Focusing on delivering high customer service is important * Promoting a culture of service within the firm is important Process * Dialog GSM Process system is important in delivering a quality service , systems like CRM is important in day to day customer transaction * Customer service systems (CSS), SAP ERP are the back bone of IT process infrastructure within Dialog Physical Evidence * Physical evidence has to be given more priority , since Dialog GSM is planning to expand its presence in Sri Lanka , Branding of stores , Branch offices and retail stores * Also Dialog GSM needs to ensure the image portrayed by the organization should in consistent for the new product development Evaluation control for a business plan is important to rectify make corrective action, Dialog GSM could make use of Key performance indicators (KPIs) and evaluate the achievements against the KPIs set initially, this would give a clear view of the overall achievement the marketing plan 11.1 Implementation Project Plan Task 2010 2011 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Identify key messages Operational plan for promotion activities Analyze and set up new branch office in newly identified market Launch of new products (Mobile broadband) Mass Advertising campaign to create awareness in the new market Mass awareness for Corporate sector New staff recruitment for Marketing implementation Training for new existing staff on the new marketing plan implementation Implementation of Marketing Activities Evaluation Control 12 Budget A budget is effectively a financial plan for action, for a identified period of time. It is essential that the budget to be allocated in line to the corporate marketing objectives of the organization According to Drummond, Ensor Ashford in their book (Strategic marketing (2003), budgeting highlights 2 key points Which is that budgeting is about resource allocation and secondly budgeting is a political process, hence the need for negotiation and bargaining to secure the resources to achieve the proposed marketing plan An appropriate budgeting using objective and task method is prepared to cater the need for the short term marketing plan (Refer appendix Budgeting) 13 Evaluation Control 13.1 Key Performer indicators for Dialog GSM Performance Evaluation * Revenue through sales * Number of Promotion which includes (Street promotion, outlet promotion, customer bonanza) * Number of new outlets merchandised * Numbers of new connections sold incentives claimed * Number of Public Relation Campaign * Number of CSR Campaign 14 Recommendation Conclusion 14.1 Recommendations for Improving the Planning Process and Development of Marketing Plans * Analysis Context of the 7-S Model -The McKinsey 7-S Framework can be useful to analyze the organization context and to highlight areas that are not in alignment within Dialog GSM, especially ones that historically it has overlooked. * Planning -The Extended Marketing Mix Alignment to the planning process by introducing the extended marketing mix when developing marketing strategy. Historically used in service organizations, application of the extended mix, or 7Ps, has now been recognized as having beneficial results for organizations of every kind. By introducing ‘People, ‘Physical Evidence and ‘Process into its strategic marketing planning process, Dialog GSM can introduce a framework for changing how soft issues are dealt with within the organization. * Planning Internal Marketing Dialog GSM should plan a program of internal marketing based on the soft 7-S components and formulated through the extended marketing mix. This will address the communication needs as highlighted in 3.5. At Dialog GSM this could mean: * People customer focused training for all employees and not just those who speak to customers; introduce regular staff appraisals; etc * Physical Evidence makeover Reception area; plants/pictures in the staff room * Process -Design and implement proper customer service procedures; set-up focus groups to enable and encourage employee feedback  · Planning and Implementation A Holistic Approach (Word count for Marketing Plan 2,562) Evaluation Report 15 Role of Marketing marketing planning in responding to a change in the external environment Dialog as a organization needs to understand that the marketing environment is dynamic which will constantly change and quick adaptation to such changes is important to succeed in business position Dialog GSM as a leader in the market ,Here with I have highlighted role of marketing planning process on how dialog GSM can respond to such market changes . Marketing planning in responding to a change in the external environment Marketing Planning process In context of changing environment to Dialog GSM Situation Analysis Conduct a Marketing Audit to identify the opportunities threat, identify a response profile which to response to Current situation is an opportunity to enter new market which will help Dialog GSM to get more revenue build the subscriber base , to cater such opportunity Dialog GSM needs to make a aggressive response profile how it will target the new market customers and what kin of strategies the could build towards the significance demand Objective Objectives are based on the assessment on the environment change , are they achievable to the given change Based on the opportunities identified , Dialog GSM needs to have a set of SMART objectives to achieve the strategic goal to the identified environment change Such objectives could be * To increase of 3-4 Million potential subscribers * Opening of new outlets * Increase awareness for Dialog GSM products Strategy Changing environment will influence the strategic options to take Based on the objectives set , Dialog GSM needs to identify strategic options of achieving the corporate objective Such strategy could be to * Opening of new outlets in new market shut down non profitable outlets Target At this stage where Dialog GSM plans for action plan of achieving to the identified objective Tactical Implementation Environment will impact on the way the marketing plan is put into practice Dialog GSM needs to plan for an operational plan for the implementation progress , as environment changes are dynamic need for an contingency plan is also vital Control Evaluation Progress review will also dictate the environment change Evaluation of a marketing plan is important for Dialog GSM to evaluate the achievement against the objectives set initially , Evaluation will help to redefine future plans and give alternative corrections McDonald Drummond (2005-2008) also goes on to say that organization needs a strategic marketing plan in order to adapt to changing business environment. Organization must continue to adopt develop if they to be successful in the market Marketing plan should provide systematic framework with which to analyze the market place supply a well defined way to perusing strategic goals, McDonald also goes onto says the marketing planning is necessary because of * Increasing turbulence, competency, complexity competitiveness * Speed of technical changes * Need to sustain competitive advantage * Need for non marketing functions to get support * Need for subordinates to get resources, gain commitment Drummond summarizes for the reasons for planning as follows * Adopting the change * Resource allocation * Consistency * Integration * Communication * Control 16 Process of undertaking the marketing audit identified issues of information gathering and analysis Marketing auditis identified as an essential part of an efficient marketing planning process. It is a very important process that is not only carried out at the begging but also at regular intervals during the actual marketing planning process. Amarketing audithas a lot of influence upon the marketing planning process through the various external and internal factors. (Failan Salem 2009) illustrated process undertaking a marketing audit is showed in the following diagram Dialog GSM annually appoints a market research auditor from AC Neilson on once a year basis in order to conduct the Marketing Audit for the external internal Markets of the telecommunication industry. Through the market research key opportunities threats impacting on the Dialog GSM will be identified to make strategic actions Marketing Audit will help Dialog GSM determine how well the marketing initiatives are working, as well as to identify the most urgent marketing challenges: * From a historical perspective, what has and has not worked? * From a current perspective, what is and is not going well? * From a future perspective, what changes are needed so that your marketing and promotional efforts are going in the right As a next step detailed information is gathered prior to analyzing the Micro Macro level audit. During the marketing audit the auditor interviews asks various questions from groups such as * Dialog GSM Customers * Dialog GSM Staff * Media * Retailers * Other Stake holders Key Questions are asked from the above groups by the auditor in the following fields. * Accomplishments: What have Dialog GSM done well in the past? * Disappointments: What did not happen as planned? * Critical Actions: To improve results what needs to be done the same/differently next year? For each question above, consider the following: 1. Markets * What changes are happening in the environment which could have an impact on the Sales? 2. Customers * How does Dialog Marketing performance compare to competitors? * What kind of products featues customers wants that will help differentiate our company from others? 3. Competitors * Who are Dialog GSM major competitors in the market what are their strengths and weaknesses? 4. Environment * What are the changes happening from a variety of perspectives, such as Politics, Socio-cultural, demographics, technology? 5. Marketing systems * Are we achieving short- and long- marketing objectives? * What training or support is needed to Dialog staff? * Does everyone understand the marketing goals and various activities within the organization? * What changes should be made to improve the results from our marketing and/or PR agencies? 6. Review of marketing activities * What are our main products and how well is marketing supporting them? * What are our main marketing activities? * How effective are we in implementing our marketing activities? 7. Distribution * Compared to competitors, how are our prices? * How well are we supporting our distributors? * Distributers commitment towards Dialog GSM? 8. Sales * How well are marketing and sales aligned on key initiatives? * What can be done so that marketing can best support the sales organization 9. Advertising * Does advertising support the marketing objective of the brand? * Are key messages getting across to the target audience? * Are the themes and visuals used effectively understood by customers potential customers? 10. Publicity * Is our PR program effective? * How well are Dialog GSM PR initiatives helping our Marketing objective? 11. Promotions * Are our promotions well conceived, well implemented and effective? * Are we responding to our customers needs in a language they understand? 12. Online * Does our website also reflect the branding of the company and products? * What key initiatives are needed to develop online business? The information collected by interviews questions asked from various segments is then analyzed for PESTEL analysis, Porters 5 Forces analysis , SWOT Analysis It is also important that AC Neilson

Filamentous DNA Phages Single Stranded RNA Phages

Filamentous DNA Phages Single Stranded RNA Phages INTRODUCTION: Bacteriophages are one of the most widely studied organisms than that of bacteria and any other living organism. They are mainly used in that of molecular biology studies, because of lesser complexity they are usually preferred over other organism. A bateriophage is a bacterial parasite which can neither grow or replicate on its own but can do so within a given organism. The major success of bacteriophage truly depends upon the genetic element which is usually packed within the capsid. the genetic element can either be a single stranded or double stranded linear,circular DNA /RNA. The filamentous bacteriophages are single stranded DNA phages about 5.5nm in diameter and they usually are present in a ring like form. They show the presence of about 10000 nucleotide and they usually harbour in Gram negative host. They usually adsorb on the tail like component called sex pilus which is responsible for the transmission of plasmids. The major properties of these virus are that it does not harm the host. The other general properties of filamentous DNA phages are as follows: They can be grown in extremely high titre because they do not lyse the cells. They are extremely small in size and they can mainly be studied and used in molecular biology experiments. It is the only virus which has been crystallized for the analysis using x-ray diffraction and a good model for studying mutations. The interaction between the host and the virus can be used as a model for studying characteristics property of oncogenic virus. Three filamentous E.coli phages i.e M13,fd, f1 have been carefully studied and each of them have a life cycle similar to that à ¢Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ·174. M13 bacteriophage: M13 is a filamentous bacteriophage it has circular ssDNA. It contains about 6407 nucleotides. It contains major coat protein P8 and it capped with 5 minor protein P9,P6,P3.P3 protein attaches to the tip of the pilus E.coli. They are non-lethal and they form turbid plaques in Ec.oli they bring about reduction in the cell growth process. They are also used for structural studies. The phage particles: The phage is assembled by that of 50 amino acids protein called p8.It takes about 2700 copies of p8 to make about the coat 90 nm long.It has been seen that is quite flexible .Other distinct proteins which are usually present P9 mainly comprises about 5 copies. P7 p9 are usually seen in micrographs they are extremely small in size containing about 32-33 amono acids.The other end of the phage particles contain about 5 copies of the surface exposed p3and less exposed accessory protein p6.They form a rounded tip and the p6 is the the final protein to interact with the E.coli host during invasion. Phage life cycle: The filament phage uses the F pilus to infect E.coli with the M 13 tip containing the TolA protein on bacterial pilus. The phage genome is transferred to the cytoplasm of E.coli where the resident protein convert single stranded DNA genome to a double stranded replicative form(RF).This DNA acts like a template for the expression of phage gene. The second phase mainly involves amplification of the genome p2 it nicks the double strand form of the genome to initiate the replication of strand without which no replication occurs. Host enzymes replicate the(+) strand resulting in more copies of dsDNA.p5 competes with ds DNA formation by sequestering copies of the (+) stranded DNA into a protein/DNA complex designed to pack recovery phages. Another important protein p10 is important for regulating the number of ds genome in the bacterial host without which no strand an accommodate .Phage maturation requires p4 translational restart p11.Multiple copies of p4 assemble in outer membrane into a table barrel shaped structure.A number of p1 and p11 5/6 copies each)assemble inside the inner bacterial membrane.p1 p11 ans p4 together they are responsible for the release of mature phage. REPLICATION IN M13: Replication in m13 can be explained as follows; Viral (+) strand DNA enterscytoplasm Complementary (-) strandis synthesized by bacterial enzymes DNA Gyrase, atype II topoisomerase, acts ondouble-stranded DNAand catalyzes formation ofnegative supercoilsin double-stranded DNA Final product is parental replicative form (RF) DNA A phage protein, pII, nicks the (+) strand in the RF 3-hydroxyl acts as a primer in the creation of new viral strand pII circulizes displaced viral (+) strand DNA Pool of progeny double-stranded RF molecules produced Negative strand of RF is template of transcription mRNAs are translated into the phage proteins Phage proteins in the cytoplasm are pII, pX, and pV, and they are part of the replication process of DNA. The other phage proteins are synthesized and inserted into the cytoplasmic or outer membranes. pV dimers bind newly synthesized single-stranded DNA and prevent conversion to RF DNA RF DNA synthesis continues and amount of pV reaches critical concentration DNA replication switches to synthesis of single-stranded (+) viral DNA pV-DNA structures from about 800nm long and 8nm in diameter pV-DNA complex is substrate in phage assembly reaction. Research: SINGLE STRANDED RNA PHAGES: Single stranded RNA are found everywhere E. coli lives in the intestinal tract of man and animals. They can also be found in sewage samples .They are harmless creature in case of humans.RNA phages are tailless, icosahedron like that of à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢174 and it mainly involves E. coli phages f2,R17,MS-2 QÃŽ ². The RNA is a linear single stranded molecule having about 3600 nucleotides it contains 3 genes encoding a coat protein an attachment protein (A) and a RNA replicase. The RNA molecule acts both like a template and also like an mRNA so they do not possess a DNA polymerase and the regulation occurs at the translational level. They have large burst size and they form huge crystalline arrays within each bacterium. Cell lysis usually takes place at a time ranging from 30-60 minutes after infection. Virus structure: Virions contain about 180 copies of the coat protein arranged in a T=3 icosahedral shell that encloses THE RNA. alloleviviruses contain about 15 copies of the read through protein.the encapsidated RNA is resistant to ribonuclease treatment.The damaged virion are exposed to RNAase activity.The structures have been resolved by x-ray diffraction methods Life cycle of RNA PHAGE: ENTRY: Upon entry the ribosome they usually attach to the CP gene which is the centremost gene of the RNA molecule. TRANSLATION : The stem and loop structures in RNA block the ribosomal binding sites of the A and the Rep proteins. The translation of the CP gene opens the binding site of the Rep proteins .Both proteins are made but the increasing amounts of the CP proteins bind to the rep site and block translation of the rep gene. About 2 x 10 copies are needed as structural components whereas replicase is needed only in catalytic amounts. Replication of the phage RNA:The QÃŽ ²has a tetramer consisting of one Rep molecule with about three proteins-EF-Ts EF-Tutranslation factors needed for the placement of charged TrnaMOLECULES Synthesis of A protein: The binding site for the A protein is never available on the free(+)strand. The replication begins at the 3’teerminus close to the A gene. After synthesis of the (+) strand begind there is a brief period when the protein A gets translated. The A number is maintained and it is equal to the number of the (+) strand .it is believed that the A protein bring about the interaction of the RNA with the CP molecules PARTICLE ASSEMBLY: THE CP PROTEIN MOLE CULES spontaneously aggregate around the newly synthesized (+) strand and form an icosahedral shell. Cell lysis: Once about 10000 phages are formed the cell undergoes lysis and no lytic enzymes are left behind ,the mechanism still remains unknown. The QÃŽ ² phage: It is an RNA virus affecting E.coli. Contains a positive sense single strand RNA. It is one of the smallest known viruses measuring about 24 nm in diameter. Its icosahedral capsid consists of about 180 copies of the same protein. The strands acts like that of an mRNA and it also acts like a template for the replication of a complimentary strand. REFERENCES: Filamentous Bacterial Viruses(BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS JUNE 1969 pg 177-209.ASM PRESS THE BACTERIOPHAGES 2ND ,BY CALENDER EDITION OXFORD PRESS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY BY FREIFIELDER FROM THE WEB

Christopher Columbus Essay -- Christopher Columbus Essays

On October 12, 1492, two worlds unknown to each other met for the first time on a small island in the Caribbean Sea. While on a voyage for Spain in search of a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, Christopher Columbus accidentally discovered the Americas. However, in four separate voyages to the Caribbean from 1492 to 1504, he remained convinced that he had found the lands that Marco Polo reached in his overland travels to China at the end of the 13th century. To Columbus it was only a matter of time before a passage was found through the Caribbean islands to the cities of Asia. Columbus was not the first European to reach the Americas Vikings from Scandinavia had briefly settled on the North American coast, in what is now Newfoundland, Canada, in the late 10th or early 11th century. Ho...

Exploring Suicide Essay -- Papers Death Depression Killing Essays Life

Exploring Suicide The natural end of every human life is death. Some people, for reasons that have never been fully understood, choose to end their own lives. This is called suicide, which means literally ?self-killing?. For all the uncertainty that has surrounded the phenomenon of suicide, this assessment of the problem is probably as accurate as any. The individual seemingly hopeless conflict with the world, decides to end his or her existence in what amounts to a final assault against a society that can no longer be tolerated. In so doing, the person tries to obtain a final revenge on everything and everyone that has caused their feelings of depression. Attempts at suicide, and suicidal thoughts of feelings are usually symptom indicating that a person isn?t coping, often as a result of some event or series of events that they personally find overwhelmingly traumatic or distressing. In many cases, the events in question will pass, their impact can be mitigated, or their overwhelming nature will gradually fade if the person is able to make constructive choices about dealing with the crisis when person is able to make constructive choices about dealing with the crisis when it is at its worst. Suicide is intentional self-inflicted acts that end in death. A self-destruction Suicide is the act or an instance of intentionally killing oneself. Suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result. Suicide is a rarely ever a spur of the moment thing. The Susceptibility to suicide is lowest among those who have strong community ties. Today people continue to commit suicide for a variety of reasons: Love, insanity an... ...?s conditions have added a host of other complications. The most important way to prevent suicide is to talk. Bibliography: Brown, A. (1996, winter) Mood disorders in children and adolescents. NARSAD ResearchNewsletter (Internet) Available: http://mhsource.com/advocacy/narsad/childhood.html Suicide Frequently asked questions: Available: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/suicide/resources ?Euthanasia? Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia 1993-1994 Microsoft Corp. ?A Rational Approach to Rational Suicide? Joseph Richman, Ph.D. Suicide and Life-Threating Behavior, Vol 22, 1992. The American Association of Suicidology. ?Grolier Encyclopedia? Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2nd ed., Depressive Disorders: Facts, Theories, and Treatments Methods (Wiley, 1990) Compton?s Encyclopedia Online v3.0 1998 The Learning Company, Inc.

Converting Your Manual Bookkeeping Essay

If you’re converting a manual bookkeeping system to a computerized system, your conversion will take a bit more time than just starting fresh because you need to be sure your new system starts with information that matches your current books. The process for entering your initial data varies depending on the software you’ve chosen. To ensure that you properly convert your bookkeeping system, use the information that comes with your software; read through the manual, review the startup suggestions made as you set up the system, and pick the methods that best match your style of operating. The best time to convert is at the end of an accounting period. That way, you won’t have to do a lot of extra work adding transactions that already occurred during a period. For example, if you decide to computerize your accounting system on March 15, you’d have to add all the transactions that occurred between March 1 and March 15 into your new system. It’s just easier to wait until April 1 to get started even if you buy the software on March 15. While you can convert to a computerized accounting system at the end of a month, your best time to do it is at the end of a calendar or fiscal year. Otherwise, you have to input data for all the months of the year that have passed. Whenever you decide to start your computerized bookkeeping, use the data from your trial balance that you used to close the books at the end of most recent accounting period. In the computerized system, enter the balances for each of the accounts in your trial balance. Asset, liability, and equity accounts should have carry-over balances, but Income and Expense accounts should have zero balances. Of course, if you’re starting a new business, you won’t have a previous trial balance. Then you just enter any balances you might have in your cash accounts, any assets your business may own as it starts up, and any liabilities that your business may already owe relating to startup expenses. You also add any contributions from owners that were made to get the business started in the Equity accounts. After you enter all the appropriate data, run a series of financial reports, such as an income statement and balance sheet, to be sure the data is entered and formatted the way you like it. It’s a lot easier to change formatting when the system isn’t chock-full of data. You need to be sure that you’ve entered the right numbers, so verify that the new accounting system’s financial reports match what you created manually. If the numbers are different, now’s the time to figure out why. Otherwise the reports you do at the end of the accounting period will be wrong. If the numbers don’t match, don’t assume the only place an error could be is in the data entered. You may find that the error is in the reports you developed manually. Of course, check your entries first, but if the income statement and balance sheet still don’t look right, double-check your trial balances as well. Read more: http://www. dummies. com/how-to/content/converting-your-manual-bookkeeping-to-a-computeriz. html#ixzz1SMwAbn8q

Knowledge and the sources provided Essay

Evacuation was both productive and unsuccessful. The Government did manage to serious its objectives of belongings children safe and keeping the war railroad car going with appear the threat of children being killed which was a successful aspect of emptying. Although the conditions on the gear mechanism were cramped and at that place was a neediness of facilities, a vast amount of children were transported out of the cities quickly and in effect(p)ly. Most of the children who were evacuated also benefited from it although rough did have bad experiences.However a major problem with evacuation was that a significant number of children either did not go or returned back to the endangerment-z bingles. disrespect the giving medication propaganda for instance the How and Why pamphlet, which contributed to the efficient way in which children were evacuated many another(prenominal) p atomic number 18nts refused to leave behind their children to leave. In Hope and Glory a mother agrees to evacuate her children but then(prenominal) becomes overcome with emotion and unable to destiny with her children. This was preferably a common concomitant and more or less parents did not even dig evacuating their children due to preconceived ideas. cum E highlights this the man being interviewed would not enthral his child away as he thought that they cant be looked after where theyre sending them. This man, alike(p) many other citizens had preconceptions of the fieldside such as theyve nothing in that respect they were starving there before the war galore(postnominal) children who were evacuated returned home, some because they were unhappy and some because their parents did not turn around the need for them to remain there because of the dissembler war in which no bombs were dropped on cities.This meant that they would be back in danger zones, which was not a success from the governments point of view. The actual imparting of the children was precise easy organised the children were entirely registered in advance and were put onto the trains efficiently. Source A depicts evacuees walking to the station in London. This suggests that evacuation was well-ordered as in both the children are walking in an orderly fashion they are all rapturous and a few are waving.This shows that the children were heart in being evacuated. However one must take into account the fact that the source is a photograph and then it could have been staged. Source B contradicts this and suggests that evacuation was a nerve-racking experience for the children voluminous as they were too afraid to burble. The source also states that the children didnt turn in where they were going this is a disconfirming reckon as it would cause angst amongst the children and suggests disorganisation.As well as simply the organisation and authoritative objectives behind evacuation there are other aspects which one must consider. legion(predicate) children gain ed a lot of new experiences and there were many long-term benefits. Some long-term benefits include broadened horizons of the children, increased understanding amongst classes and a raised awareness of urban meagerness. Many country dwellers did not shaft how city children lived and evacuation was an opportunity for them to notice out.Source C, an extract from Carries war by Nina Bowden highlights a misconception about evacuees as the child in the novel says she thinks were poor children, too poor to permit slippers. However this source is not genuinely a primary source, as although it is establish on touchableity, it is a fictitious novel. A lot of evacuees had positive experiences such as enjoying healthier, safer surroundings than the cities as well as developing a life-long love of the countryside.On the other hand some children were unless treated like servants by their cling to families or made to feel very unwelcome. These children experienced some of the banish factors of country life. Many of the entertain families had negative experiences such as bad-mannered children or children with poor individual(prenominal) hygiene. These experiences are both positive and negative although they were unpleasant, they precedeed in raised awareness of urban childrens welfare. This raised awareness of poverty resulted in the introduction of the Welfare give tongue to Shortly after W. W.II. Many foster families and evacuees enjoyed the experience of evacuation and treasured memories of it for many years. The evacuees were predominantly grateful, Source D, a government publicizing suggests that the foster families were doing a real service for the nation this evokes patriotism and causes mess to come together and help separately other, which is another positive outcome of evacuation. This advertisement encouraged people to take in evacuees thus making the arrangements easier and more orderly, increase the successfulness of evacuation.When looking a t all the evidence available to us it is blank that although evacuation was not a great(p) success as there were a great deal of setbacks, such as the children who did not go and children who returned home it was quite successful as the government did secure the objective of reducing civilian casualties. Many other benefits were as a result of evacuation and it was an enlightening experience for all those concerned. There were a few negative effects for certain individuals but as a whole, this nation benefited from evacuation.

How Does Shakespeare Present the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet

versed experience is used in this sword bunco as comic re take a breatherf mingled with the serious parts, as an ice-breaker and to keep the earreach entertained. Shakespe ar included knowledge suitable distinguish in this convey because at the cadence, the audience for whom hed be per course of actioning wouldnt be actu al unriv each(prenominal)edy educated and including this would snap up their attention flat a counselling knowledge subject whap is the first quality of screw dis leaned in this play. You touch on two Capulet servants, Sampson and Gregory in the first scene. They are public lecture more or less wo workforce as chargeual objects and no social gaietyction more.Sampson is talking ab go forth(predicate)(predicate) how he allow for be cruel with the maids once he has interpreted care of the men, and how he impart path blast a vogue their maidenheads. He is talking some raping the wives of the men he has killed, advertring to their virgin ities as their heads. He is in addition in trueity generous slightly himself, suggesting that his penis is a pretty piece of music of flesh and that women pull up stakes be able to savor him turn he is able to stand, pith that hes having an erection all over against the women.This is very(prenominal) cozy because to feel a mans erection, you fuddle to be very shoemakers last to him and he has to be practically grinding against you, and be turned on by you. composition they completely take heed women as objects of lust, sexual fuck is non only relatable to men women heap be upright as sexually-minded. In this play, Shakespeare does discombobulate a lot of sexual-orientated characters and unrivalled of the well-nigh amuse ones is possibly Juliets nurse. She finds a way to make everything she says sound suggestive when most nation wouldnt be able to.She may urinate hold of it from her late husband, who was middling as inappropriate as her, heavy a t hree year gray that she will expunge rearwards when kB hast more wit which basically translates to him weighty her that when she gets older shell know to lie backwards so a man potful lie on top of her, which is only senseless to say to a child. On the an new(prenominal)(prenominal) everywheretake, it is more wishly obligate was just always like that. confine convergems to turn all over that the only important thing to engage in a spousals is sex, formula that Juliet should fall uponk in advertiseectual nights to happy days as if a redeeming(prenominal) sex life is the key to having a happy marriage.She to a fault has the skill to torture things that seem perfectly exculpatory into a sexual innuendo. sustain also says that women reverse by men which is a forficate entendre of that women grow in status when they espouse the right men, nonwith stand up harbor is persuasion that they also grow pregnant and sex is a very important actor in a good and t idy marriage. Romeo and Mercutio also take aim the tendency to be sexually minded. Mercutio refers to Rosaline, the miss Romeo supposes hes in chouse with as wild medlar, a rude way to refer to a womans or a mans sexual anatomy and he also duologue intimately Romeo as if he was a poperin pear which is a pear mold like a penis.Mercutio is very vegetable oil and sexual passim this entire speech. Romeo, while you mountt see him cosmos sexually orientated passim the book, does throw away his moments away from the spiritual plains of have it away. He sneaks erupt to meet Juliet and is hoping that her vestal livery is simply sick and green and that she should cast it off because none but fools do fool it. By saying this, hes implying that he hopes she will non wait a virgin because he wants to hook up with her and have sex with her.While this isnt quite as bad as the prospicient speeches that keep and Mercutio make, it is still slimly sexual which shows that unconst ipated passel as spiritually inclined as Romeo bear be orientated this way. Surprisingly, Juliet also has her moments sluice yardgh she is very young. When Juliet is almost(predicate) to afford Romeo, Romeo inquires whether she will since imprecate farewell him so un commodious. Not realising that hes merely talking roughly keeping her forever through the gift of marriage, and cerebration hes asking her if shell sincerely leave him without having sex, she immediately asks what satisfaction back endst thou have tonight.She immediately jumps to the conclusion that he was asking for sex onward up to now considering the early(a) options. Shakespeare includes this because it shows that anyone can have sexual thoughts close an differentwise, even someone like Juliet who appears to be so innocent and young. Sexual go to bed, while present throughout the play is not the only applaud explored by Shakespeare in Romeo and Juliet. Courtly experience is also present, bu t only in the beginning of the play. At the time Romeo and Juliet was set, well-bred love life was very popular and many an(prenominal) poets were apply it, thus including it in the play was making the play very swanky for its time.Romeo is the character that feels courtly love for Rosaline, meaning that his love for her in unrequited but he seems to love her anyway. The first time you meet Romeo he is pining oer Rosaline because shell not be hit with cupids arrow and wont decease his feelings for her. He is acting very nonsensical and spewing out long speeches full of oxymorons and riming couplets, making it very obvious that hes practiced what hes going to say because people usurpt go around just talking in rhyming couplets and oxymorons. His long speeches have a alternatively poor ending.He has mystify together very fashionable, lengthy spiels full of oxymorons about gentle hate and heavy lightness. When Benvolio lastly comprehends and asks him who is that Romeo love s, Romeo quite pathetically admits that he does love a woman. This declaration is a rather meager way to marrow up all hes pass hours preparing while privately in his chamber and earth(a) around in the woods many a good morning. Throughout most of his speeches he isnt large a proper reception to any of Benvolios questions. He keeps well-favoured Benvolio very vague responses in an undertake to make Benvolio question more.Romeo is coercing people to amaze about him more than necessary by pretend that the situation is more puzzling than it is. subsequently his long oxymoron-filled speech he asked Benvolio Dost thou not laugh, wanting(p) Benvolio to worry about him and to give him attention. As in adjust courtly love fashion, Romeo is enamored with Rosaline and will do anything to see her. Benvolio, a true friend, tries to make Romeo see sense that there are other beauties in the world and Romeo should examine them and depart about Rosaline.However, Romeo wont let on of it and attempts to convince Benvolio that he canst not as sure Romeo to exit how beautiful Rosaline is and how practically he loves her. Although Romeos courtly interests are generally kept to the first few scenes of the play, the beggar does bring it up later on, saying that thy love did read by rote, that could not spell. The beggar is explaining to Romeo that Romeo knew the way that people were supposed to act when they were madly in love and he was just now pretending to be in love when he wasnt, which is what courtly love is.Another type of love showcased in this play is amatoryist love, and Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous amorous plays ever written. In the play, I gauge that Shakespeare presents the love between Romeo and Juliet as very bathetic. He shows it through their first meeting, Juliets inexperience, Romeos attitude and the attitude of Romeos friends. Romeo and Juliets intercourse forms a sonnet when they first meet. This is the first conversati on they have and originally he even hears her say, he refers to her as a shrine, invoking the deepest phantasmal love for her.Romeo is flattering her to get her to fall for him. Before he even knows who she is, he asks to smooth that rough touch that is his unworthiest hand with a snog. She immediately counters that by heavy him you do wrong your hand also such(prenominal). Shes attempt to tell him that there is nothing wrong with his hand, and he doesnt need to pamper her. finally he asks outright for her to let lips do what hands do, display hes rather desperate to get to kiss her. Juliet says in return that she isnt going to move and that he can kiss her, but that she wont kiss him.Their conversation does form a sonnet, but Juliet is just playing on with Romeo because hes the one that initiated the conversation in rhyme and shes simply joining in. She is attracted to him, but shes not just going to give in to his desperation. He has to work for the right to kiss her. by and by the kiss, Juliet is clearably very interpreted aback, considering she is quite inexperienced and this is her first kiss. She tells him that you kiss by th book, presentation that Juliet only knows what love is like in books and faerytales and shes comparing her feelings about Romeo to that.It is arguable that this is not real romance. I intend that the surmount evidence for the idea that the romantic love displayed in this play is artificial is the attitude of Romeo. When we first meet him he is obviously enamoured with Rosaline, but sees this beautiful young lady that removes any thought of Rosaline from his mind. This is superficial because he doesnt know anything about Juliet, he doesnt even know her ca-ca and merely hes certain that he loves her, saying did my heart love till now, when just moments out front he had been professing his undying devotion to someone completely unlike.When Romeo attempts to talk mendicant Lawrence into marrying him to Juliet, F riar Lawrence remains unconvinced, saying that these woes were all for Rosaline. Romeo insists, illogically, that his love for Juliet is real because she loves him back and Rosaline did not so. He says that even though he was going on and on about her, shes old password and he no longer loves her because hes put someone better. I dont think He rattling loves Juliet because her prettiness is the only case he ever spoke to her and it is sound to believe that if he sees someone prettier he might forget all about her. flat Romeos friends know that hes beingness pathetic. Mercutio actually makes fun of him for spewing out all the rhyming poems which really dont have any semblance towards true love by saying speak but one rhyme and I am satisfied. Mercutio is certain that this will all be over soon. Before the ships company Mercutio tries to harbor Romeo up with his big Queen Mab speech, cover that he wants Romeo to be happy. We trust Mercutio because he is a very likeable charac ter.Benvolio, who has been chiefly pertain with Romeos wellbeing throughout the play so far, is certain Romeo will move on and examine other beauties. We trust Benvolios opinion because he shows the most direct concern about Romeo and even he seems to think that this is all a phase. Before Balthasar brings Romeo news of Juliets death, Romeo is very happy because he has had a conceive of about Juliet which is the flattering rectitude of sleep. This is very connatural to his ambition in an earlier scene about Rosaline, which was about things true, being how much he loves Rosaline.Referring to both Rosaline and Juliet by using the word true makes it plausible that he is just being as over-dramatically rapt about a dream about Juliet as he was depressed over a dream about Rosaline before the party in which he maxim Juliet. I think that this makes us precariousness his sincerity because he is using the identical story about a dream for both girls. When Romeo finds out about Ju liets supposed death, he doesnt even stop to think, which proves that he doesnt consider the possibilities of his actions. He immediately goes to buy a dram of poison so he may fall all of a sudden by Juliets side.In my opinion, for a girl that he hasnt even spent a full day with, this seems like a very rash decision. Juliet, open- meatd up and decision Romeo dead beside her also kills herself with a dagger later trying to take the poison off his lips so she will die with a soda water but when that proves to be a failure, stabs herself with Romeos dagger. She is allowed a little more leeway, being very young and traumatised at finding her new husband dead on top of her and is presumable to be very dramatic. They barely know each other and yet they kill themselves over the supposition of true love.I think that the real tragedy in this play is not that true lovers are obligate to kill themselves to be together but that two young and healthy people with long lives ahead of them k ill themselves over mis confabulation and feelings that ultimately end up to be an over exaggeration of two hormonal teenagers Parental love, whilst a minor aspect of love in this play, is still very present. Neither Juliet nor Romeo have very close relationships with their parents and seek out maternal advice in the forms of Nurse and Friar Lawrence. Romeo does get along with his parents and they do love him.When you first meet the Montagues afterward a large driveway fight, his mother expresses her relief that Romeo was not at this fray, showing that she is relate about his physical wellbeing. His father is obviously concerned about Romeos mental democracy at the fact that Romeo is currently wandering around by himself many a morning and stays private in his chamber during the day, cutting himself off from everyone else. After the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, when the Capulets and Montagues have realised what happened, we find out that Montagues wife is dead tonight because th e grief of her sons drive out hath stopped her breath.This makes it obvious that the Montagues really do love their son, but dont have a toughened connection with him because he never talked to them about what was troubling him. raze though Romeo and his parents are emotionally close to each other, they do not communicate with each other well and to show this Shakespeare does not put one scene in this play in which Romeo directly interacts with his parents. This shows that while they are family, they dont really rely on each other to financial aid out.Instead of questioning Romeo about his actions himself, his parents air Benvolio, Romeos friend and cousin, which shows that Romeo is more likely to confide in Benvolio than in his give parents. Romeo, instead of going to his parents for advice, goes to Friar Lawrence for parental help. The Friar knows whats going on in Romeos life more than the parents do. It is normally a parents job to chide their children but Romeo says to Fr iar that thou chidst me oft for loving Rosaline which meat that the Friar has taken on the debt instrument of telling Romeo off about Rosaline, whom Romeo has not even told his parents about.Juliets predicament with her parents is similar as they also love her very much. When Paris, a suitable young man, requests Juliets hand in marriage, professional Capulet thinks Juliet is yet a stranger in this world and tells Paris to come back in two more summers. That Lord Capulet doesnt want to marry her off so young even to such a suitable person shows that he really cares for Juliets well-being. When Juliet is mourning the banishment of Romeo, Lord Capulet decides to throw her a party to take her mind of what he thinks is an over-reaction of Tybalts death.He agrees to make a desperate in the altogether and allow her to marry Paris, hoping that this will enliven her up. He does this because he had Juliets best interests at heart and just cute to please her and make her happy again, b y giving her a large party and lots of attention. After Juliet is found supposedly dead, Lady Capulet gets very fluster, saying that if Juliet does not look up than Lady Capulet will die with thee. Both the Capulets genuinely love their daughter, profession her their only life when she is found dead. Like Romeo, Juliets parents dont communicate with her well.They dont understand her emotions and dont know how to speak to her effectively. When Lady Capulet wishes to speak privately with Juliet she asks Nurse to leave but the minute she is go away alone with Juliet she calls Nurse back again. Since Lady Capulet didnt raise Juliet and Nurse did, Lady Capulet would feel more homelike if Nurse is in the room because she is faint-hearted of how to talk to her own daughter. When Juliet is distraught after Romeos banishment, they assume she is upset over Tybalts death because she loved her kinsman Tybalt in a heartfelt way.Instead of asking her what is wrong, they automatically think that she is upset over Tybalt, which shows miscommunication. Like Romeo has the Friar, Juliet has Nurse whom she trusts with her personal life. Nurse is the only one Juliet tells about Romeo, and did send the Nurse to get information out of Romeo about the wedding. She believe her Nurse with this part of her life that she didnt tell her parents about. Friendly love in this play is possibly the only love that is not somewhat superficial and fake. Primarily, we see friendly love being convey amongst Romeo and his friends.Benvolio is the most open about how much he cares for Romeos well-being. He expresses his concern to Romeo directly, wondering what sadness lengthens Romeos hours. Even though Benvolio is certain that he would before die in debt than Romeo not forget his love for Rosaline, he is troubled that Romeo is upset in the moment. When Romeo is missing after the party Benvolio goes searching for him accompanied by Mercutio and is burning that Mercutio wilt anger him by con temptuous Romeo about Rosaline, even though Benvolio agrees ith him and Romeo arguably deserves it. This shows that Benvolio really does care about Romeo and doesnt wish for him to be upset over anything. Mercutio shows his concern for Romeo in a different way, although he still makes it obvious that he cares. When Romeo is depressed with a soul of blend in before the party, Mercutio wants to cheer him up. When Romeo insists that he dreamt a dream, Mercutio picks up on that straight away and begins to make fun of Romeo in a jovial way, saying and so did I.Romeo asks what Meructios dream was, giving Mercutio the perfect opening for his Queen Mab speech, which is a jokey speech about a fairy queen so he can lighten Romeos mood and also point out that dreamers often lie. At the end Romeo tries to insist that Mercutio talkst of nothing, to which Mercutio replies true, I talk of dreams, which is other way of telling Romeo to lighten up and enjoy the party without focusing on his dreams . This shows Mercutio cares because he just wants Romeo to have a good time and move on with his life without focusing on the past.When Tybalt is calling Romeo a villain and Romeo is not standing up for himself, Mercutio gets very angry on Romeos behalf and gets into a fight with Tybalt that kills him. Even though Mercutio was in a rather restless mood that day because of the weather, I find it hard to believe that he would fight Tybalt without a reason. It is plausible that he was just using Romeo as an relieve but the fact that Mercutio is so concerned about Romeos honour that he will fight for him, makes Mercutio a true friend.Even though Balthasar is Romeos servant, he does have his moments of showing true association and concern for Romeo. Balthasar is the only person Romeo trusts other than Friar to tell about Juliet and Balthasar keeps Romeo updated about the goings and comings of Verona and of Juliet. Immediately after Juliets funeral Balthasar took perspective to tell it to Romeo. Even though Romeo told Balthasar to leave once they got to Juliets crypt or he would tear thee common by joint, Balthasar stayed behind because he doubted Romeos intents and feared the way he looked.This shows true friendship because even faced with the possibility of getting killed by his master, Balthasar remains behind to keep an eye on him. Even Romeo has his moments of being a genuine friend towards his boys, as shown after Mercutio has been fighting with Tybalt. At first along with everyone else he assumes Mercutio is just putting on a show for the audience, sure that the brook cannot be much. His certainty that Mercutio will be fine shows his closeness to Mercutio because he refuses to consider the possibility that Mercutio might die.After finding out that brave Mercutio is dead, Romeo is absolutely furious and all thoughts of afters Juliet leave his head and all he wants is for fire-eyed fury to lead him to kill Tybalt for Mercutios soul. This is once again sho wing that his grief over Mercutio overwhelms his love for Juliet. shrewd the possible consequences Romeo refuses to let Tybalt go in triumph and kills him because Tybalt killed one of Romeos contiguous friends. In conclusion, Shakespeare presents the theme of love in Romeo and Juliet as mostly artificial.Romantic love, which is the love most people arguably impart to read about in this play, is very artificial, creating the true tragedy of the play of two people dying for no cover reason. Sexual love and courtly love are both put on for show. Sexual love is used as comic relief and is not taken seriously and courtly love is only a way of showcasing that romantic love really is artificial. Parental love is real but is strained with no communication so the only genuine form of love expressed successfully in this play is friendly love.