How Cosmetic Makeover Programs Empower Corrective Operation

Makeover shows have socially constructed feminine ideals of beauty. Furthermore, these representations have created high standards of beauty; as a consequence, this negatively affects women’s perception of ideal bodily beauty. Here, I intend to elucidate this subject through three ways. First, I will examine how cosmetic makeover programs empower corrective operation as a means to meet and become the ‘ideal’ female. Second, I will explore the association prevailing within self-reported exposure to TV makeover shows and spectator self-regard, perfectionism, and body image dissatisfaction. Third, in retrospect of the correlation mentioned above, I will describe how vulnerability to television makeover programs are negatively correlated to self-worth and positively related to perfectionism and body image disappointment. The primary objects of study within this essay are makeover programs, focusing on a show Extreme Makeover. As we have known, in today s society, the external features of an individual are of high significance in every phase of their life. While this pertains to both male and female persons to a certain degree, particularly women are under the immense influence to live up to one selective, very definite kind of beauty. The goal is to be slim, young, white and tall, to have big breasts and long legs. Furthermore, in makeover shows, staying thin is characterized as the most significant feature for each female contestant to be content in her life, to beShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Gang Involvement - 1804 Words

Strengths for Change Gang involvement is on the rise in most communities affecting socioeconomic status, racial relationships, and inhabitants (Esbensen et. al., 2012, p. 128). Despite a continuous increase with youth gang affiliations in underserved communities, there is still a scarcity of promising or effectual gang prevention and intervention programs offered by schools. Facing time and resource constraints school administrators need to consider the â€Å"cost and benefits† of each possible intervention plan (Esbensen et. al., 2012, p. 142). Consequential to low intervention program, risk factors such as communal disorganization, poverty, low educational success, acquaintance with aberrant peers, and little to no parental attachment will continue to make a path toward gang affiliation and criminal actions. Observations have confirmed that gang involvement correlates with increased law violating behaviors alongside victimization, vastly decreasing the possibility of grad uating. Without having met the average educational expectations may result in severe consequences throughout an individual’s life. It is for this reason that workshops, rather than programs, that are relatively low to maintain and very beneficial need to be formulated and implemented in schools. Great benefits, both economical and noneconomic, result from graduating high school and yet many gang affiliated students don’t seem to worry as much about graduation and have little knowledge about theShow MoreRelatedThe Strengths Of Labelling Theory And Differential Association Theory1703 Words   |  7 Pageshow the factor of family as reasons why some youth join gangs. This paper compares the relative strengths and weaknesses of Differential Association theory and Labelling theory and I argue that Labelling Theory offers the most compelling theoretical perspective to help account for how these factors influence youth to join gangs. 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Research methods can take many different approaches and rarely is one method used to gain insight and understanding, a mixture of different concepts can be usedRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Recidivism Are A Major Problem Within Our Country Today Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages Juvenile delinquency and recidivism are a major problem within our country today. There are a number of programs out there that provide treatment for issues such as drug addiction and abuse. There are other programs that provide help for gang involvement, provide help to female offenders, provide help with family counseling, and for mental health issues. There are still others that help with community outreach and help with parenting and helping the family dynamic. Providing eff ective treatmentRead MoreHow Social Control Theory Affects Criminal Behavior1735 Words   |  7 Pagesby Robert Sampson and John Laub. Examples of positive turning points include, being in a prosperous and happy marriage, getting a good job, or doing well in the military. There are also negative turning points such as becoming an active member of a gang, losing a family member, or going through a near death experience (Siegel, 2013, p. 304-305). The creators of the life course theory understand that people go through changes during their lives. This recognition of life change makes the theory strongRead MoreTrends in Policing1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe public is encouraged to partner with police in these efforts through neighborhood watch programs. This allows the public to watch over a certain area since officers can’t always be there. Community-Oriented Policing has many, strengths and only few weaknesses. COP adopted a more responsive approach to the public desire of a different manner of policing; therefore there was a citizen to police interaction which has helped in problem solving. This has been enhanced by the reintroduction of theRead MoreResearch On The Causes And Correlates Of Delinquency937 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong involvement between peers and one’s behavior. We see this as well in the Rochester study. The findings of these three different locational longitudinal studies that were administered â€Å"produced nearly identical findings about the disproportionate violent behavior of chronic offenders† (Lozada 2016). This explains to us how deviant behavior correlates in high risk neighborhoods. Some of the common findings within the studies were that children raised with poor parenting and less involvement inRead MoreCartel and the Cocaine Industry Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesreaches the US by numerous routes - by air, by sea, but mostly over land by Mexico. Once the cocaine reaches the United States, Cali has makes use of its distribution network to deliver the drugs wholesale to the retailers, typically ethnic crime gangs. The Cali cartel is similar in its methods with many of the Mexican cartels. Cali and the Mexican cartels are both a threat to the U.S. and most of these groups are no longer operating. The following will show how they are similar to each otherRead M oreYouth Crime Essay3259 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿ Youth Gang Involvement MET CJ/631—Youth Crime Problems Boston University Dr. Frank Carney April 20, 2013 Abstract Within the United States, youth involvement in gangs has become a serious problem for the future safety and security of the United States. The following thesis explores the growing problem of youth involvement in gangs and attempts to understand the growing trend by exploring historical facts and figures, policies and programs. Within the last

Personal Management Strategies for Developing Deloitte Singapore

Question: Discuss about thePersonal Management Strategies for Developing Deloitte Singapore. Answer: Deloitte Consulting Introduction: Deloitte is a global leader in the space of consulting and in their Singapore arm they aim high to raise the bar of Business Consulting in the region. In the business consulting service lean, they call it as Strategy and Operation, they provide Management and Strategic level consulting solutions to various industries. They have partnered with huge organizations in the world and have set them establish their go forward strategy. With Deloitte Singapore, they see a huge scope of unleashing this segment of market, as their technology arm is very well established in Singapore and they can set the Strategic offerings in the market as well(Tyagi, 2015). Job Analysis of Business Consulting: Job Description: There are some very challenging and niche kind of roles that are expected out of a Business Consultant and the kind of value that the business consultant is expected to bring on the table is also of a very superlative value. Hence the JD includes the following mentioned points(Loya, 2016): Industry Expert: The Business Consultant has to be an Industry Expert as the solutions are always made to cater to some defined industries. Thought Leadership: This is the method of telling to the organization that the consultants are able to think through some very challenging business problems and come up with some readily implementable solution for immediate value realization. Project Management: Since there will be engagements of varied scale that runs in the company, so to manage those project the project management skill is pretty handy and it improves the chances of project success. Consulting Delivery: The consulting is more towards engaging with the client at a business partner level and helping the client to figure out the most important business problem and hence come up with readily realizable solution that can bring value directly on the table. Stake Holder Management: This is to ensure that the partnership is sustained for a long term. Job Specification: The specification will set some very basic ideation to ensure that the best candidate joins the department, this is like a preliminary filter that will be used to filter the candidate, who will be then called for the face to face interview rounds. These are the mandatory requirements, which have to be met by every prospective business consultant(Hayes, 2012). Masters Degree: Candidate must hold a masters degree in the respective field. The reason is that a Consultant is presented in front of client as an expert and a masters Degree will help in positioning the consultant appropriately in front of the client. Years of Experience: The Consultant must have a minimum 5 years of experience, either in industry, or in the consulting space. This will ensure that the learning curve is smooth. Area of Expertise: Must have one defined skillset that can be positioned as an area of expertise, this will help in finding appropriate opportunities for the consultant. Interaction with Senior Management: Consultant is expected to guide the top level people of the company and if they have interacted with senior management in their work domain then that is an added advantage. Team Management Skills: Consultants usually work in team and hence team management skill will ensure that the harmony in the working is always maintained. Job Design of Deloitte Consulting: Efficiency: Efficiency of Consultant is measured in terms of the utilization of Consultants. The Utilization quotient simply means that how much revenue is the consultant able to bring in the company. Consultants are usually very highly paid and if they are not able to bring the revenue in the market then their existence itself is doubtful and under question. The efficiency is not just the good work that is delivered to the client, the longevity of the engagement is also a critical measure to assess the same(Sabine Sonnentag, 2011). Efficiency is usually measured at consultant level and not for the department and hence it is a critical assessment factor for the consultants in person. It is the responsibility of the consultant to ensure that they are always relevant for the company. Motivation: Motivation in the field of consulting is achieved by three major factors, the first is about doing the work that is around the interest area. Secondly, getting to learn some new skill sets that sells like hot cakes in the market and thirdly, the money factors, which is the main reason that people join consulting sector. These are the factors that keeps the consultants up and running and that ensures that the consultant is always ready to deliver some like quality outcome for the company(Burton, 2012). The motivation is always required to be up because ultimately, the kind of work that is expected out of a consultant requires some seamless and selfless efforts and that can only come if they are motivated to bring that kind of offering in front of the client. Mental Capacity: The Mental capacity of the Consultant is required to be up and running always and that can be achieved by self-learning and trainings. This is needed because in order to provide a solution to a client there is a need to develop some solution base for them and that will enhance the mental capacity of the consultant. Proper training that is relevant for people in the business environment has to learn and there is a need to keep a tap on the latest trends that are moving around in the world(TSF, 2013). These new offerings increase the chances of getting repeat business from the clients and hence keep the tempo up and running. Recruitment Strategy: Employee Reference: Employee reference is the most convenient mode of recruitment these days. The way it works is, the existing consultants can introduce the people to the companys HR either by passing their CV to them or the cover letter. This is good for the HR as well, since they get a pool of good prospective candidates, who are mainly looking for a job change and have the desired skill sets to fill the vacant place in the company. Moreover, an existing employee is introducing the candidate to the company so the trust factor will also be there(Achievers, 2012). The set of CVs are collected in a common pool and on those CVs, the specification criterion filter is put in. That filters out a good number of CVs of various candidates. Further, the CVs are checked in depth by the HRs and the Business owners, to check if the skill set of the candidate matches the requirement of the company. If the requirements are met then the process in taken further, in which the candidate has to pass 2 to 3 rounds of int erview and if the candidate is deemed fit for the company, then the HR takes care of the compensation and benefits part and finally HR will roll out the offer. The mode is suitable for Deloitte as they always need people with niche skillsets and is their own people can help then find the correct set of people then the hiring becomes easier. The employees are rewarded suitably in case their recommended candidate is selected. Campus Hiring: This is a very important strategy to be used by all the major Business Consulting companies around the globe. They need to present fresh ideas in front of clients and they need people who are well acquainted with the recent happenings in the world of academic development of concepts and principles. There is only one mode that can satisfy this need and that is Campus Hiring. This is a budding concept in many countries, in which companies visit the campus and conducts interview processes in the campus itself. The benefit is that they will get a set of bright young minds and since it is a small pool, the selection can be done in more specific manner. All the interested students who are in the final year of their education apply for the company. The company then follow their defined filtering method to call the selected lot for the face to face interview and also a group discussion. This way the final selected people will be rolled an offer on that day itself and usually students have to sigh a bond of commitment that they will join the company for sure. This way they get to select some sharp minds from a definite pool(OCR, 2014). This is a good method for Deloitte Consulting, since they always need consultants who have a defined Deloitte culture of working and that is hard to build in a new lateral resource. Hence, they need virgin brains, who can come up with constrained and innovative thinking and hence propose a grand solution to the client that is never thought of. Deloitte has the opportunity to groom people from the scratch and then use them for firm building. Selection Strategy: Academic Background: This is extremely important, as in the case of consulting sharp people are needed and if the person has a good academic background then there are higher chances of him being a sharp person. The idea that goes here is that, if the person is sharp enough to present the correct context which teacher wishes to see, then that person can handle clients as well, since he has the capability to mold the thinking as per the other person. This is the reason that most of the consulting companies gives a huge weightage to academic background that will ensure quality to a great extent(Girijan_Cooperative, 2016). Experience: The experience of the candidate is one of the milestone to establish the interest area or area of expertise for the candidate. The right kind of experience is always very easy to sell and hence that is very important. With experience people will see more business problems and hence the skill set and the capabilities will keep on increasing and hence the person will be able to solve and recommend solution around wider spectrum of problems. The experience is always gained over time and hence it is important to learn the necessary skills over time and ensure that the same experience also reflects in the working style as well. Consulting Capabilities: The consulting as an offering is an acquired skillset and that can only be achieved if there are certain capabilities that are acquired by a professional over a period of time. The main aspect of this capability is attained if the consultant is able to bring solution to some niche business problem and as the niche business problem is solved then it turns into an overall business proposition for the client. This is the thing that Deloitte needs to check in the consultant, that they are able to bring such capabilities in front of the client and hence they are easier to position in front of them(APO_COE, 2013). Though Leadership: These are the thought works that a consultant must showcase in the form of White papers and PoVs and through this consultants show the approach they will be deploying in order to showcase the business problem solving capabilities. The thought leadership can be showcased by Deloitte on professional networking sites like LinkedIn etc. and that will hence establish a power in the mind of the consultant that there are people available in Deloitte that have a point of view around some business problems. In case any client is facing similar issue they can any day approach Deloitte and get the issue resolved. Future Aspirations: Consulting is a career that is very challenging and dynamic. It is there for the aspirant that he must be willing to travel and take challenges of sales from an early stage in the career, not every consultant maintains such a career aspirations and hence it is important for Deloitte to identify similar resources. There can be chances that person is trying to take consulting post just for a change, but there is a different capability set that has to be met in order to ensure that the Consultant has the sustaining traits. These things are to be checked thoroughly by Deloitte. Conclusion: Deloitte Singapore must keep in mind the competition and the methodology to grab and sustain the niche talent with them. The consulting world is the world of knowledge and that can exist only with good people. Consultants must be groomed and developed as per the market, so that they keep the company relevant in the market. Hence some good investment must be done in order to keep the consultants active in the market and ensuring that the profile of the consultant is developed so that they can solve some niche business problems. This way the company will definitely sustain in a progressive manner. References: Achievers. (2012). The ultimate guide to employee referrals. Tokyo: https://www.achievers.com/. APO_COE. (2013). Business Excelence COnsulting Training. New Delhi: APO Centre of Excellence for Business Excellence. Burton, K. (2012). A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving. Indiana: Indiana University. Girijan_Cooperative. (2016). Selection of Professional Business Consultants. Visakhapatnam: Girijan Cooperative Corporation Limited. Hayes, M. (2012). Business Consultant: Job Description and Career Requirements. London: Study.com. Retrieved from https://study.com/articles/Business_Consultant_Job_Description_and_Requirements_for_Students_Considering_a_Career_in_Business_Consulting.html Loya, S. (2016). Deloitte Consulting Looking for SCM/ Finance Consultants. New Delhi: IBS India Publisher. OCR. (2014). Understanding On-Campus Recruiting . London: SC Education Publications. Sabine Sonnentag, J. V. (2011). Job Performance . Kuala Lumphur: SAGE Publications. TSF. (2013). Mental Capacity Assessment. London: TSF Consultants. Tyagi, S. (2015). Deloitte Enterprise Risk Services: Business Growth through Sustainability Strategies. Shenton Way: Deloitte Consulting.

United Nations and International law

Introduction The following essay is concerned with the international relations that exist between various countries in the world. The essay examines as to whether or not the founding of the United Nations represent a radical departure from the system of international law and/or international society prior to 1945.However,it is important to determine the foundation of international law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United Nations and International law specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International law which is sometimes known as public international law refers to the law that is concerned withy regulating relations between countries. Human beings are social animals implying that they becomes civilizes as time passes by. During the past, human beings were not guided by any laws. However, the civilization of mankind enabled man to come up withy principles that will be followed in order to ensure that there is ord er in the society. The origin of international law can be traced back in the 6th Century BC when a North African ethnic group and the Carthaginians interacted by trading gold and other valuable commodities. The two communities exchanged commodities by being honest to each other and thus avoiding conflicts. Interaction between states also occurred in ancient Eurasia whereby three independent states i.e. Mesopotamia, Nothern Island and the classical Greece shared a common regulatory system. There was cultural unity among the above three states and this facilitated the emergence of various standard practices of international law. Studies by Emmerich de Vattel (1714-1767 ) and Hugo and Emmer(1583-1645 ) showed that the emergence of international law systems can be founded on the balance of power theory which is based on the principle that, states tend to join one another in order to restrain a state that is deemed to have gained excess power. The United Nations emerged in 1945 with an a im of coordinating the states’ actions and to address the global issues such as peace and security. Before this period, there were devastating wars whereby many people lost their lives and thus the United Nations helped to turn around the situation (Collin Collin, 2009, 102).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Founding of the UN The Second World War ended in 1945 and all the citizens across the globe regretted the consequences of the war. They thus agreed that there should never be another war in the future as many people died during the war. The US led other states such as the UK and the Soviet Union in an effort to unite all nations and to enhance peace across the globe and thus the UN was established as a result.Currently, the UN is an organization that is comprised of sovereign states and its headquarters are based in New York. The role of the UN The United Nati ons have been in existence for more than 50 years and its central function has been to maintain peace across the globe. The United Nations has played an important role of resolving disputes between the states, reducing tensions, preventing conflicts and also helping to end devastating wars. Founding of the UN represent a radical departure of international law The founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the international law. Before 1945, there existed a web of treaty and customary law that controlled the use of force. The United Nations charter ushered in a new era, and this made the international law prior to 1945 to be irrelevant. It is through the international law that the United Nations charter came into being. Prior to 1945, the use of force was regulated by the principle of Just War. Studies by Grotious and St.Augustine established that, the Just War doctrine was based on the principle that it was illegal to undertake war unless there is a just cause. A just cause in this case referred to various circumstances such as right that is illegally denied or wrong done. Any war that was outside the above circumstances was deemed as illegal. In the early 18th century, the emergence of nation state across Europe helped to change the direction of Just War doctrine.Firstly, the doctrine of Just War was refined in order to allow a state to conduct war if there is a Just Cause.Thus, there wasn’t any legal test that was objective in determining the right of a state to use force. By the mid eighteenth century, the sovereign right of resorting to war was adopted as the governing principle. Every country was thus vested with the right of resorting to war irrespective of any reason. The international law played an important role of regulating the use of force even though it refrained from interfering with the right of state to pursue a war (Dixon,2007,310).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on United Nations and International la w specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite these, the international law prior to 1945 did little in an effort to regulate states from using excessive force and hence the founding of the United nations. The United Nations imposed a comprehensive ban with regards to the use of force by the states which did not exist prior to 1945(Dixon, 2007, 310). The use of force by states has been in existence since time memorial. For instance, human beings used violent means so as to persuade others to act in a certain way. As the states began to organize themselves politically, the use of force became the main form of interaction. The international law did little to help curb the use of force by the states and thus, the forming of the United Nations in 1945 helped to address the situation. The United Nations acts so as to avoid the emergence of another world war. Since the forming of the United Nations, states have abandoned the use of force and an other world war has not been experienced so far since the Second World War. Before the founding of the United Nations, states were thought to have pre-emption rights in case of necessity and thus left no moments of deliberations.However, the adoption of the United Nations Charter allowed countries to act only in self defence. This implies that the states cannot attack one another unless the United Nations security council authorizes such action and hence the founding of the UN was a radical departure of international law (International Law Commission, 2000, 39). The founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the International law prior to 1945.The international law prior to 1945 did not have procedural normativity.usually; states found the process of forming a custom to be hectic as there were no clear guidelines on how to go about it. On the other hand, the United Nations charter usually shares a constitutionally quality and the substantive laws depend mainly on the procedural rules. The United Nations charter is usually a normative constitution implying that it describes the political status of international community the way it should be.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The normative constitution of the United Nations charter has the role of governing the power conditions. Prior to 1945,constotutio was primarily understood in Aristotelian point of view i.e. as a means of concreting the life condtion.This founding of the United Nations changed this notion and thus the founding of the UN was a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945 (Sarooshi Fitzmaurice, 2004,87). The international law prior to this period was unwritten implying that, it was too slow to be practiced and hence the United Nations was formed so as to enhance the judicial processes. Thus the international law required that the judges be familiar with international law of states and so an offence which is committed outside a country, required much time.Judges also experienced vagueness and imprecision problems as a result of the unwritten laws. The international law prior to 1945 also did not present some clarifications. On the other hand, the United Nations assists mem ber states in articulating the behaviors and norms which are written. The United Nations works in various ways so as to develop and promote laws around the sustainable development issues. The United Nations sponsors scientific research as well as publishing information that is critical to the development of policy. The United Nations also sponsors a number of conferences in an effort to develop policies. In addition, the United Nations offers the member states training, work plans and consulting services. This thus has seen a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945 (Collin Collin, 2009, 102). The international law prior to 1945 was based on the general practice among states and so, it was almost impossible to analyze the practice of all the states across the globe and hence the emergence of the United Nations. The international law prior to 1945 limited the sovereignty of states as it required the states to create customs. It required all the states to have adequat e knowledge concerning the practice states and this was indeed impossible.However, the founding of the United Nations enabled most states to participate in global issues. Also, the founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945 because it enhanced the sovereignty of nations because it provides a forum whereby, both the developed and the developing nations can interact effectively. The founding of the United Nations General Assembly enhanced formal equality in that less powerful countries can express their views in an effective manner( Bederman, 2002,116). The founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945 because it acts to prevent the crimes against humanity. At present, the United Nations functions to prevent and suppress mass killings. The United |Nations also responds militarily in many conflict situations particularly in a cases where the civilians are disproportionately victimized. Fo r instance, the Un has deployed more than forty peace-keeping missions in an effort to help end wars in such countries as Mozambique and El Salvador.Whereas,the United Nations humanitarian intervention aim is to protect a state’s citizens abroad, the interventions however helps in rescuing the citizens of target countries from suffering. On the other hand, the international law prior to 1945 did not recognize the need for human intervention and thus the founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945. Conclusion The founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the International law prior to 1945. The international law prior to 1945 did little in an effort to regulate states from using excessive force and therefore, the founding of the United Nations came to abandon states from using force against one another unjustifiably. The international law prior to 1945 also The founding of did not have procedural normativity and so there were no clear guidelines on how to handle global issues. Also,the international law prior to 1945 was based on the general practice among states and so, it was almost impossible to analyze the practice of all the states across the globe and so, the founding of the United Nations was a radical departure of the International law prior to 1945. In addition, the founding of the United nations was a radical departure of the international law prior to 1945 because it acts to prevent the crimes against humanity. Reference List Bederman, D.J., 2002.The spirit of international law.Georgia: University of Georgia Press. Collin, R. M. Collin, R. W., 2009. Encyclopedia of Sustainability, Volume 1.  California: ABC-CLIO. Dixon, M., 2007.Textbook on international law.Oxford: Oxford University Press. International Law Commission. 2000. Yearbook of the International Law  Commission. New York: United Nations Publications. Sarooshi, D Fitzmaurice, M., 2004. Issues of state responsibil ity before  International judicial institutions. London: Hart Publishing. This essay on United Nations and International law was written and submitted by user Reed N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior

Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer BehaviorEthical consumption has grown significantly in recent years. Marketers need to have a better understanding of the relationship between ethical attitudes and consumer behavior. According to researchers, â€Å"consumer behavior lags behind the stated level of concern about ethical issues†(Harrison, 2005, p. 198).   There is the apparent gap between attitudes and consumer behavior. Nevertheless, 24% of the British consumers characterize themselves as â€Å"ethical consumers† (Harrison, 2005, p. 198). Ethical behavior of consumers has become an object of research in recent years. According to Lucica Matei and Teodora Dinu (2012), â€Å"actual consumer behavior has been neglected in research when compared to a more significant number of studies measuring consumers’ ethical attitudes and beliefs†(p. 41). Drawing on the academic literature relating to the relationship between attitudes and behavior, it is nec essary to explain why attitudes may not always help to predict behavior and why the attitude-behavior gap might be so prevalent. The Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior help to give explanation to consumers’ intention of being involved in consumer behavior. Attitudes may not always predict consumer behavior because of certain consumer-related barriers.Definition of termsThe term â€Å"consumer behavior† can be defined as â€Å"the behavior of ultimate consumers, those who purchase products for personal and household consumption and not for business purposes† (Ferrell et al., 2012, p. 114).The term â€Å"consumer attitude† defines the link between consumer behavior and the consumer disposition to purchase any kind of products or services. The consumer attitude can be assessed by means of regular consumer opinion surveys which are based on real facts, as well as by consumption trend analysis, which provides the required â€Å"infor mation on the real consumption of each product† (Lazzaroni et al., 2013, p. 84). According to Dr. Lars Perner (2010), consumer attitude can be regarded as a complex of consumer beliefs, intentions and feelings toward some product within the context of marketing strategy.The term â€Å"attitude-behavior gap† can be defined as the tension that exists within an individual (a consumer) between what he/she wants to do (or intends to do) and what he/she thinks he/she should do (or perform) (Trijp Fischer, 2010).   When individuals are asked to define their values and belief, they demonstrate the attitude that is the most appropriate in terms of the established norms (Trijp Fischer, 2010). The size of theattitude-behavior gap can be determined by the level of ambiguity that is involved in consumer decision (Trijp Fischer, 2010).The use of attitude theoryin understanding of a variety of attitudinal conceptsThe use of attitude theory in understanding of a variety of attitud inal concepts is essential for marketers. There are two basic theories that can be applied to this situation: the Theory of Reasoned Action developed by Fishbein and the Theory of Planned Behavior developed by Ajzen. Actually, both theories help to explain the role of immediate determiner of consumer behavior – consumers’ intention to be involved in this behavior (Ajzen, 2005; Brannon Feist, 2009). Both theories assume that consumer intentions should be focused on motivation. Various motivational factors affect consumer behavior. In other words, intentions are caused by some motivational factors in order to perform some behavior. At the same time, it is necessary to understand that an individual’s intention to perform some behavior (e.g. consumer behavior) or not to perform it is â€Å"the immediate determinant of action†, while   an individual’s attitude is determined by â€Å"the person’s beliefs and evaluation of the expected outcomeà ¢â‚¬  (Raoprasert Islam, 2010, p. 31).The Theory of Reasoned ActionThe Theory of Reasoned Action (Fig.1) is focused on the fact that consumer behavioral intentions are caused by two major reasons:Functioning of consumers’ attitudes toward their behaviors, â€Å"determined by their beliefs that the behavior will lead to positively or negatively valued outcomes† (Brannon Feist, 2009,p. 72).Functioning of consumers’ subjective norms, determined by consumer perceptions of the values placed by others on the behavior and by their motivation to follow these norms(Brannon Feist, 2009)According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, an individual’s attitude to behavior stands for an individual’s assessment of the positive and negative outcomes of performing the target action. The consequences of the behavior are taken into consideration (Brannon Feist, 2009).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, the Theory of Reasoned Action is focused on the assumption that consumer behavior is determined by an individual’s intention to follow the behavior patterns, which can provide the most accurate prediction of consumer behavior. The level of consumer intention affects the opportunity to be involved in consumer behavior (Raoprasert Islam, 2010).The Theory of Planned Behavior  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Theory of Planned Behavior is focused on the additional determinant of consumer intention to act – consumers’ perception of their control over their behavior. Actually, the Theory of Planned Behavior can be viewed as the extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action (Ajzen, 2005). It is necessary to understand the role of consumers’ perceived behavior control (Brannon Feist, 2009). This determinant was added to place emphasis on the factors that have a strong impact on consumers’ intentions. Due to the individuals’ self-perception of control, it is possible to predict th e likelihood of an individual’s actions (Brannon Feist, 2009).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Theory of Planned Behavior, there are three basic determinants or factors that affect consumer behavior and intentions: personal factor, social factor and the factor that deals with the issues of control (Fig.2).As a matter of fact, the relevant attitude theory helps to better understand a variety of attitudinal concepts. Both theories assume that an individual’s intention to behave in a particular way is dependent on the individual’s attitude toward the behavior (e.g. the opinions of other people, the individual perceived behavior control and the individual’s desire to perform actions) (Ajzen, 2005; Raoprasert Islam, 2010). In other words, according to these theories, individuals may perceive various barriers to consumer behavior based on their own attitudes and taken into consideration their own cognitions (Ajzen, 2005;Brannon F eist, 2009).Paul A. Pavlou and Mendel Fygenson(2006) use the Theory of Planned Behavior to give explanation to consumer behavior, as well as to predict the process of e-commerce adoption by consumers. Researchers place emphasis on the process that reflects two online consumer behaviors: first, getting information and, second, purchasing a product online (from a Web seller). Researchers â€Å"simultaneously model the association between these two contingent online behaviors and their respective intentions by appealing to consumer behavior theories and the theory of implementation intentions, respectively† (Pavlou Fygenson, 2006, p.112). Besides, researchers use various methods to derive for each type of consumer behavior its intention, belief, attitude, and behavioral control.The major causes of attitudes’ failure to predict consumer behaviorDue to the relationship between attitude and consumer behavior, it is possible to predict the behavior of consumers based on thei r own attitudes toward various products, brands, services, etc. offered by sellers.   As a rule, consumer behavior can be predicted based on positive attitudes. However, in some cases, it is impossible to predict consumer behavior because people â€Å"form attitudes that fulfill their social identity functions, and there is no any consistent relationship between attitude and future behavior† (Mooij, 2010, p. 134). It has been found that attitudes may not always be helpful in predicting consumer behavior. It is very important to understand the major barriersto predicting consumer behavior (Harrison, 2005). According to the recent study conducted by the Cooperative bank, only 5% of the British consumers make purchase decisions based on ethical attitudes (Harrison, 2005). The following factors may have a strong impact on consumer behavior: changes in consumer values, changes in attitudes, changes in consumer knowledge about products, and changes in some significant aspects of consumption process (price and quality), changing in consumer habits and preferences (Harrison, 2005; Hoyer, 2012)Essay on Using Attitudes to Predict Consumer Behavior part 2

Experience Archaeology Firsthand in a Field School

Experience Archaeology Firsthand in a Field School Would you like to go on an archaeological dig? Do Indiana Jones movies give you wanderlust? Does the thought of conducting scientific research in exotic locations sound like the perfect way to spend your hard-earned vacation? Are you tired of reading about ancient cultures from the pages of books and websites and do you long to learn about those dead societies first hand? An archaeological field school might be just what youre looking for.   An archaeological field school means that even if youre not a professional archaeologist, you, too, can spend part of your summer digging in the dirt. After all, it doesnt seem terribly fair that we should have all the fun, does it? Well, fortunately, there are lots of university-based excavations going on all year long, called field schools, and some of them take unaffiliated volunteers. Whats a Field School? An archaeology field school is an archaeological dig that is organized partly to train the next generation of archaeologists. Of course, field schools are always arranged to conduct real, scientifically-based archaeological research for the professors and their graduate student assistants. The only reason to go into the field and excavate sites must always be to gather new information about ancient behaviors and culturesarchaeology is a destructive process and if youre not gathering data, you shouldnt be digging. But field schools are specifically tailored to teach new students the methods and philosophy of archaeology. And the good news? Even if youre not planning on becoming an archaeologist, you can still attend a field school. In fact, I always recommend that anybody even considering a career in archaeology should go to one early in their education, if possible even before they start taking university classes, to find out if they like hanging around other sunburned and filthy people pursuing scientific research enough to warrant the cost of a college education. Attending a Field School A field school works this way: a small band of studentsgenerally ten to fifteen, although the size varies considerably from school to schoolis collected by a university anthropology department. The students go to an archaeological site where they get instructions on how to survey and dig, and then they dig. Many field schools feature lectures and tours to nearby archaeological sites; sometimes students are assigned a special project of their own. The students get college credit and training that way,   starting them off in a career in archaeology. Most field schools last between two and eight weeks in the warm or dry season, depending on what part of the world the excavations are located. Many field schools also welcome members of the local historical society or archaeology club, or provide opportunities for the public to experience archaeology for themselves. Almost every archaeology department or anthropology department with a concentration in archaeology in the world conducts archaeological field research in schools every summer or every other summer. What Youll Need To attend such a field school, youll need physical stamina, clothes you dont mind destroying, a hat with a brim, and SPF 30 or better sunblock. You may get college credit. You may have to provide your own travel and housing expenses, or they may be provided as part of the experience. Youll need a strong sense of adventure; a stronger sense of humor; and the ability to work hard without complaining (too much!). But you might have the time of your life. So, if you have a few days or weeks off next summer, and you want to experience a little real-live archaeology, this is the time to start looking! Finding a Field School There are several ways to find a field school. There are several dozens being held all over the world every year. Here are a few sites that can be trusted to contain up-to-date listings from around the globe.   Archaeology Anthropology Field Schools ShovelBums site, R. Joe Brandon Archaeological Fieldwork.com, Jennifer Palmer Field School Opportunities from the American Anthropological Society Archaeological Fieldwork Opportunities Bulletin from the Archaeological Institute of America You could also contact the archaeologists associated with the anthropology, archaeology, or ancient history department at your local university. You might consider joining your local archaeology society or club. Good luck and good digging!

Management for Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management for Organizations - Essay Example Also, the logo of Ron Jon is popular worldwide (Ron Jon website, the History) while the logo of Hilo Hattie is not recognizable at international level. It should be noted that both companies emphasize on the uniqueness and the range of their products, as a competitive advantage towards their competitors. Hilo Hattie is the only retailer in Hawaii that offers to its customers an extremely high range of products. Ron Jon has emphasized on products related only to Surf, aiming to address customers in the specific sector. Specializing on Surf-related products Ron Jon is able to provide to its customers a high range of products of this category. In the websites of the two companies elements can be retrieved in regard to their organizational planning, leading and control. These elements are presented in Table 1 below. Companies/ Element in the website Ron Jon Surf Shop Hilo Hattie Organizational planning In the section ‘Our Company’; employees are highly valued; emphasis is al so given on the firm’s corporate environment In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the key target of the company has been its development into a major centre of vacation shopping. Organizing In the section ‘Our Company’ / subsection: History; the company has developed its own stores but it also highly based on partnerships. In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the company operates exclusively through its own stores. Important information on the company’s daily operations are also included in the section ‘Info’; for example, the return of a product is based on the rules included in the Returns & Exchanges sub-section Staffing In the section ‘Careers’; Employee benefits include ‘Employee discounts and Educational Assistance’ Vacancies are presented through the website’s section ‘Contact Usâ€℠¢ and the sub-section ‘Careers’; no information is provided in regard to the terms of employment in the company’s stores Leading In the section ‘Our Company’; emphasis is given on the store’s founder, Ron DiMenna and his leading style which is followed by the stores’ managers; securing fun for customers is among the priorities of the company’s leading aspect (Reilly, Minnick & Baack 2011, p.3) The only information provided in regard to the company’s leading is included in the section ‘Contact Us’ and the sub-section ‘Management team’ Control The control over the selling process is secured through a series of rules including in the document under the title ‘Routine and Compliance Guide’, as updated in Jan 2013; the Guide is included in the section ‘Our Company’ and the sub-section ‘Vendor Info’ The company’s operations are aligned with a series of rules included in the section ‘Info’; for example, customers’ privacy is secured while the terms of Returns and Exchanges are analytically described in the relevant sub-section Table 1 – Organizational elements in the companies’ websites Question 2 Company Valuation - Dunkin Donuts The company’s distinctive competence is its brand name as the most popular ‘chain of baked goods and coffee’

Should you worry about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device Research Paper

Should you worry about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation why or why not - Research Paper Example Therefore, every individual should be worried about cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation (Mercola, 2008). Studies conducted by scientists have indicated that exposure to electromagnetic waves cause significant changes on the human body. Doctor Mercola indicates that although extensive research has not been carried out to determine the clear effects that radio radiation has on individuals, it would be a grave mistake to conclude that the emissions are inconsequential (Mercola, 2008). Some scientists have used rats to conduct similar experiments and have concluded that the radiation emitted by these devices has an effect on the biological and maturation processes of the rodents. Other researchers have scientifically linked some health complications such as sleep disruptions, dementia, fatigue, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Autism, Headaches, poor concentration and failing memory to the electromagnetic waves emitted by cell phones, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi devices. However, these health implications have other causes as well, although the radiation emitted from these devices ca nnot be ruled out. Cell phone, cellular antenna and Wi-Fi device radiation seems to create potential health risks to humans. Therefore, people should be worried about being exposed to this kind of radiation, as it has adverse effects on their health (Shelly and Vermaat,

Interaction Theories Essay Example for Free

Interaction Theories Essay A. Compare and contrast two of the models or theories presented in this chapter considering their usefulness in practice, research, education and administration. For the purposes of this discussion, I have selected King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. On a broad perspective, both theories aim at explaining the interaction processes that happen between a nurse and her patient. Imogene King’s basic assumption of her theory is that the nurse and the client communicate information, set goals mutually, and act to attain those goals. The same can actually be said with Peplau’s theory wherein she states that nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal, the attainment of which is achieved through the use of a series of steps, and that the nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the process. A lot of similarities can be seen from both works as they try to explain the nursing process in a nurse-patient interaction level. see fig. 1) The concepts of person, health, environment and nursing are recurring themes on both theories as they attempt to integrate it with each of their own interaction models. The deviation between the two theories occur where the focus of their study lie in the current nursing practice. King focused on the major concept of interacting systems: Personal, interpersonal and social systems, and how the accuracy of determining which system is most applicable would lead to eventual tra nsaction. Because of the severity of her condition, the emergency room nurses attending for this particular patient immediately began taking actions to stabilize her condition, such as securing an IV line, drawing blood for labs, applying oxygen and doing an ECG all at the same time. When asked by a nurse to take her ordered dose of aspirin the patient fearfully verbalized, â€Å"What are you doing to me? † Soon after, when the patient’s condition did not significantly improve but got worse, the physician advised the husband that patient be brought to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for an angiogram. The client was adamant that she did not want to take drastic measures, but the husband indicated that he wanted whatever was necessary to improve his wife’s condition. This is an excellent example of a client losing the sense of self-hood. In regard to the concept of self, King (1981) stated â€Å"If nurses and other professionals interact with patients or clients as human beings, and let the individuals be themselves, nurses and patients would help each other grow in self-awareness and in understanding of human behavior, especially in stressful life experiences. † In an environment that requires one to be reactive and responsive, clients often perceive nurses as being too busy or too hurried. King (1981) encouraged nurses to be aware of how they present themselves to their clients because the manner in which nurses enter a client’s room sets the tone for the entire encounter. Poor communication skills lead to poor transactions and interactions between the nurse and the client. Poor communication skills also affect goal setting and goal attainment (Williams, 2001). It is solely because of this perception that proper â€Å"scripting† with the patients has been constantly reiterated to all nursing personnel and including even the support staff. In stark contrast with the example presented above, here is a situation where King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was used in the emergency room setting. Patient ST, a 32-year old male trauma patient who went to the emergency room due to a traumatic amputation of an arm secondary to a motor vehicle accident. The assessment phase of the nursing process can take in the concepts associated with the personal system. Once the patient has been hemodynamically stabilized, the nurse’s attention is now focused on assisting the patient cope with the feelings of loss, separation and anger that he is experiencing. The patient’s feelings of perception, self body image, growth and development, time and space must be considered after doing the primary survey of airway, breathing and circulation. In fact, this is even specified in my institution’s â€Å"Emergency Room Nursing Database† in its attempts to fulfill the JCI requirements in documentation. Attempting to restore the patient’s self-esteem in the light of the traumatic loss is a mutually established goal between the nurse and the client. It is also important for the nurse to realize that the patient’s perceptual field is narrowed because of the pain and emotion that he is currently experiencing. King’s theory highlights the importance of the participation of the individuals in decision making and deals with the choices, alternatives, and outcomes of nursing care. The theory offers insight into the nurses’ interactions with the individuals and groups within the environment (Williams, 2001). Element of the theory of Imogene King is usually applied specifically in interpersonal and social systems. More often than not, the mode of interaction being used in the emergency department is a dyad (2 people interacting), where the perception of a patient is changed because of a communication that takes place providing education to a patient with knowledge deficit. Such an example occurs in ensuring a patient and its significant others’ compliance; if the patient does not understand the importance of a certain intervention or medication, cooperation and adherence will be very difficult to achieve. But once the nurse educates them with proper nurse-patient interaction and therapeutic communication, compliance and adherence to medical regimen can be achieved. King’s Goal Attainment Theory (Client-Centered Theory) is indeed what we are practicing in the daily routine of the hospital and in any other clinical setting. Giving the patient the pertinent information of what is going to happen or what is happening will lessen the patient’s anxiety that contributes to tachycardia, restlessness and give them a sense of control of the situation.

Methods of Characterization in The Hairy Ape Essay example -- Hairy Ap

Methods of Characterization in The Hairy Ape Eugene Gladstone O’Neill was born October 16, 1888, to Irish-American parents in New York City. His mother, Ella O’Neill, reserved and genteel (Sheaffer 15), came from a prosperous Cleveland family. His father, James O’Neill, from a poor family, was an actor who became synonymous with Dumas’ Count of Monte Cristo, a role he performed over 3000 times (Sheaffer 8). Driven by fear of poverty, James worked nonstop and constantly tried his hand at get-rich-quick schemes, such as buying and selling real estate. Eugene had one older brother James. During Eugene’s early years, the family toured around the country with James Sr.’s acting company and spent each summer vacationing in New London. Eugene grew to hate theater life with its constant moves and unreliable income. He attended Catholic schools growing up, and he went to Princeton in 1906. Eugene spent his first year loafing and neglecting his studies, and he was dismissed for â€Å"poor scholastic standing† (Sheaffer 125). In October of 1909, he secretly married Kathleen Jenkins before sailing to Honduras on a gold-prospecting expedition. On his return, six and half months later he learned he had a namesake, Eugene Gladstone O’Neill. He neglected his responsibilities as husband and father, however, and he was divorced in 1910. For the next two years he served as a crewmember on various sailing boats and steamships. Those experiences served as material for his future sea plays. At the end of 1912, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was admitted to Gaylord Farm sanatorium in Wellingford, Connecticut, for six months. It was here, away from alcohol and the vestiges of wild living, ... ...12, 1997, 27. Carpenter, Frederic I. Eugene O’Neill. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1964. Chothia, Jean. Forging a Language: A study of the plays of Eugene O’Neill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Diggins, John Patrick. â€Å"‘The Hairy Ape’ and the FBI†. The New Leader. April 7, 1997, 21. Egri, Peter. â€Å"'Belonging' Lost: Alienation and Dramatic Form in Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape† in Critical Essays on Eugene O’Neill. James J. Martine, ed. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1984. Hofmannsthal, Hugo. â€Å"The Beggar and The Hairy Ape† in Eugene O’Neill’s Critics: Voices from Abroad. Horst Frenz, et. al. eds. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. O’Neill, Eugene. Four Plays by Eugene O’Neill. New York: Signet Classic, 1998. Sheaffer, Louis. O’Neill: Son and Playwright. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1968. Methods of Characterization in The Hairy Ape Essay example -- Hairy Ap Methods of Characterization in The Hairy Ape Eugene Gladstone O’Neill was born October 16, 1888, to Irish-American parents in New York City. His mother, Ella O’Neill, reserved and genteel (Sheaffer 15), came from a prosperous Cleveland family. His father, James O’Neill, from a poor family, was an actor who became synonymous with Dumas’ Count of Monte Cristo, a role he performed over 3000 times (Sheaffer 8). Driven by fear of poverty, James worked nonstop and constantly tried his hand at get-rich-quick schemes, such as buying and selling real estate. Eugene had one older brother James. During Eugene’s early years, the family toured around the country with James Sr.’s acting company and spent each summer vacationing in New London. Eugene grew to hate theater life with its constant moves and unreliable income. He attended Catholic schools growing up, and he went to Princeton in 1906. Eugene spent his first year loafing and neglecting his studies, and he was dismissed for â€Å"poor scholastic standing† (Sheaffer 125). In October of 1909, he secretly married Kathleen Jenkins before sailing to Honduras on a gold-prospecting expedition. On his return, six and half months later he learned he had a namesake, Eugene Gladstone O’Neill. He neglected his responsibilities as husband and father, however, and he was divorced in 1910. For the next two years he served as a crewmember on various sailing boats and steamships. Those experiences served as material for his future sea plays. At the end of 1912, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was admitted to Gaylord Farm sanatorium in Wellingford, Connecticut, for six months. It was here, away from alcohol and the vestiges of wild living, ... ...12, 1997, 27. Carpenter, Frederic I. Eugene O’Neill. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1964. Chothia, Jean. Forging a Language: A study of the plays of Eugene O’Neill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Diggins, John Patrick. â€Å"‘The Hairy Ape’ and the FBI†. The New Leader. April 7, 1997, 21. Egri, Peter. â€Å"'Belonging' Lost: Alienation and Dramatic Form in Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape† in Critical Essays on Eugene O’Neill. James J. Martine, ed. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1984. Hofmannsthal, Hugo. â€Å"The Beggar and The Hairy Ape† in Eugene O’Neill’s Critics: Voices from Abroad. Horst Frenz, et. al. eds. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. O’Neill, Eugene. Four Plays by Eugene O’Neill. New York: Signet Classic, 1998. Sheaffer, Louis. O’Neill: Son and Playwright. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1968.

Digital Fortress Chapter 59-62

Chapter 59 Susan reached for Commander Strathmore's hand as he helped her up the ladder onto the Crypto floor. The image of Phil Chartrukian lying broken on the generators was burned into her mind. The thought of Hale hiding in the bowels of Crypto had left her dizzy. The truth was inescapable-Hale had pushed Chartrukian. Susan stumbled past the shadow of TRANSLTR back toward Crypto's main exit-the door she'd come through hours earlier. Her frantic punching on the unlit keypad did nothing to move the huge portal. She was trapped; Crypto was a prison. The dome sat like a satellite, 109 yards away from the main NSA structure, accessible only through the main portal. Since Crypto made its own power, the switchboard probably didn't even know they were in trouble. â€Å"The main power's out,† Strathmore said, arriving behind her. â€Å"We're on aux.† The backup power supply in Crypto was designed so that TRANSLTR and its cooling systems took precedence over all other systems, including lights and doorways. That way an untimely power outage would not interrupt TRANSLTR during an important run. It also meant TRANSLTR would never run without its freon cooling system; in an uncooled enclosure, the heat generated by three million processors would rise to treacherous levels-perhaps even igniting the silicon chips and resulting in a fiery meltdown. It was an image no one dared consider. Susan fought to get her bearings. Her thoughts were consumed by the single image of the Sys-Sec on the generators. She stabbed at the keypad again. Still no response. â€Å"Abort the run!† she demanded. Telling TRANSLTR to stop searching for the Digital Fortress pass-key would shut down its circuits and free up enough backup power to get the doors working again. â€Å"Easy, Susan,† Strathmore said, putting a steadying hand on her shoulder. The commander's reassuring touch lifted Susan from her daze. She suddenly remembered why she had been going to get him. She wheeled, â€Å"Commander! Greg Hale is North Dakota!† There was a seemingly endless beat of silence in the dark. Finally Strathmore replied. His voice sounded more confused than shocked. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"Hale†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan whispered. â€Å"He's North Dakota.† There was more silence as Strathmore pondered Susan's words. â€Å"The tracer?† He seemed confused. â€Å"It fingered Hale?† â€Å"The tracer isn't back yet. Hale aborted it!† Susan went on to explain how Hale had stopped her tracer and how she'd found E-mail from Tankado in Hale's account. Another long moment of silence followed. Strathmore shook his head in disbelief. â€Å"There's no way Greg Hale is Tankado's insurance! It's absurd! Tankado would never trust Hale.† â€Å"Commander,† she said, â€Å"Hale sank us once before-Skipjack. Tankado trusted him.† Strathmore could not seem to find words. â€Å"Abort TRANSLTR,† Susan begged him. â€Å"We've got North Dakota. Call building security. Let's get out of here.† Strathmore held up his hand requesting a moment to think. Susan looked nervously in the direction of the trapdoor. The opening was just out of sight behind TRANSLTR, but the reddish glow spilled out over the black tile like fire on ice. Come on, call Security, Commander! Abort TRANSLTR! Get us out of here! Suddenly Strathmore sprang to action. â€Å"Follow me,† he said. He strode toward the trapdoor. â€Å"Commander! Hale is dangerous! He-â€Å" But Strathmore disappeared into the dark. Susan hurried to follow his silhouette. The commander circled around TRANSLTR and arrived over the opening in the floor. He peered into the swirling, steaming pit. Silently he looked around the darkened Crypto floor. Then he bent down and heaved the heavy trapdoor. It swung in a low arc. When he let go, it slammed shut with a deadening thud. Crypto was once again a silent, blackened cave. It appeared North Dakota was trapped. Strathmore knelt down. He turned the heavy butterfly lock. It spun into place. The sublevels were sealed. Neither he nor Susan heard the faint steps in the direction of Node 3. Chapter 60 Two-tone headed through the mirrored corridor that led from the outside patio to the dance floor. As he turned to check his safety pin in the reflection, he sensed a figure looming up behind him. He spun, but it was too late. A pair of rocklike arms pinned his body face-first against the glass. The punk tried to twist around. â€Å"Eduardo? Hey, man, is that you?† Two-Tone felt a hand brush over his wallet before the figure leaned firmly into his back. â€Å"Eddie!† the punk cried. â€Å"Quit fooling around! Some guy was lookin' for Megan.† The figure held him firmly. â€Å"Hey, Eddie, man, cut it out!† But when Two-Tone looked up into the mirror, he saw the figure pinning him was not his friend at all. The face was pockmarked and scarred. Two lifeless eyes stared out like coal from behind wire-rim glasses. The man leaned forward, placing his mouth against Two-Tone's ear. A strange, voice choked, â€Å"Adonde fue? Where'd he go?† The words sounded somehow misshapen. The punk froze, paralyzed with fear. â€Å"Adonde fue?† the voice repeated. â€Å"El Americano.† â€Å"The†¦ the airport. Aeropuerto,† Two-Tone stammered. â€Å"Aeropuerto?† the man repeated, his dark eyes watching Two-Tone's lips in the mirror. The punk nodded. â€Å"Tenia el anillo? Did he have the ring?† Terrified, Two-Tone shook his head. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Viste el anillo? Did you see the ring?† Two-Tone paused. What was the right answer? â€Å"Viste el anillo?† the muffled voice demanded. Two-Tone nodded affirmatively, hoping honesty would pay. It did not. Seconds later he slid to the floor, his neck broken. Chapter 61 Jabba lay on his back lodged halfway inside a dismantled mainframe computer. There was a penlight in his mouth, a soldering iron in his hand, and a large schematic blueprint propped on his belly. He had just finished attaching a new set of attenuators to a faulty motherboard when his cellular phone sprang to life. â€Å"Shit,† he swore, groping for the receiver through a pile of cables. â€Å"Jabba here.† â€Å"Jabba, it's Midge.† He brightened. â€Å"Twice in one night? People are gonna start talking.† â€Å"Crypto's got problems.† Her voice was tense. Jabba frowned. â€Å"We been through this already. Remember?† â€Å"It's a power problem.† â€Å"I'm not an electrician. Call Engineering.† â€Å"The dome's dark.† â€Å"You're seeing things. Go home.† He turned back to his schematic. â€Å"Pitch black!† she yelled. Jabba sighed and set down his penlight. â€Å"Midge, first of all, we've got aux power in there. It would never be pitch black. Second, Strathmore's got a slightly better view of Crypto than I do right now. Why don't you call him?† â€Å"Because this has to do with him. He's hiding something.† Jabba rolled his eyes. â€Å"Midge sweetie, I'm up to my armpits in serial cable here. If you need a date, I'll cut loose. Otherwise, call Engineering.† â€Å"Jabba, this is serious. I can feel it.† She can feel it? It was official, Jabba thought, Midge was in one of her moods. â€Å"If Strathmore's not worried, I'm not worried.† â€Å"Crypto's pitch black, dammit!† â€Å"So maybe Strathmore's stargazing.† â€Å"Jabba! I'm not kidding around here!† â€Å"Okay, okay,† he grumbled, propping himself up on an elbow. â€Å"Maybe a generator shorted out. As soon as I'm done here, I'll stop by Crypto and-â€Å" â€Å"What about aux power!† Midge demanded. â€Å"If a generator blew, why is there no aux power?† â€Å"I don't know. Maybe Strathmore's got TRANSLTR running and aux power is tapped out.† â€Å"So why doesn't he abort? Maybe it's a virus. You said something earlier about a virus.† â€Å"Damn it, Midge!† Jabba exploded. â€Å"I told you, there's no virus in Crypto! Stop being so damned paranoid!† There was a long silence on the line. â€Å"Aw, shit, Midge,† Jabba apologized. â€Å"Let me explain.† His voice was tight. â€Å"First of all, we've got Gauntlet-no virus could possibly get through. Second, if there's a power failure, it's hardware-related-viruses don't kill power, they attack software and data. Whatever's going on in Crypto, it's not a virus.† Silence. â€Å"Midge? You there?† Midge's response was icy. â€Å"Jabba, I have a job to do. I don't expect to be yelled at for doing it. When I call to ask why a multi billion-dollar facility is in the dark, I expect a professional response.† â€Å"Yes, ma'am.† â€Å"A simple yes or no will suffice. Is it possible the problem in Crypto is virus-related?† â€Å"Midge†¦ I told you-â€Å" â€Å"Yes or no. Could TRANSLTR have a virus?† Jabba sighed. â€Å"No, Midge. It's totally impossible.† â€Å"Thank you.† He forced a chuckle and tried to lighten the mood. â€Å"Unless you think Strathmore wrote one himself and bypassed my filters.† There was a stunned silence. When Midge spoke, her voice had an eerie edge. â€Å"Strathmore can bypass Gauntlet?† Jabba sighed. â€Å"It was a joke, Midge.† But he knew it was too late. Chapter 62 The Commander and Susan stood beside the closed trapdoor and debated what to do next. â€Å"We've got Phil Chartrukian dead down there,† Strathmore argued. â€Å"If we call for help, Crypto will turn into a circus.† â€Å"So what do you propose we do?† Susan demanded, wanting only to leave. Strathmore thought a moment. â€Å"Don't ask me how it happened,† he said, glancing down at the locked trapdoor, â€Å"but it looks like we've inadvertently located and neutralized North Dakota.† He shook his head in disbelief. â€Å"Damn lucky break if you ask me.† He still seemed stunned by the idea that Hale was involved in Tankado's plan. â€Å"My guess is that Hale's got the pass-key hidden in his terminal somewhere-maybe he's got a copy at home. Either way, he's trapped.† â€Å"So why not call building security and let them cart him away?† â€Å"Not yet,† Strathmore said, â€Å"if the Sys-Secs uncover stats of this endless TRANSLTR run, we've got a whole new set of problems. I want all traces of Digital Fortress deleted before we open the doors.† Susan nodded reluctantly. It was a good plan. When Security finally pulled Hale from the sublevels and charged him with Chartrukian's death, he probably would threaten to tell the world about Digital Fortress. But the proof would be erased-Strathmore could play dumb. An endless run? An unbreakable algorithm? But that's absurd! Hasn't Hale heard of the Bergofsky Principle? â€Å"Here's what we need to do.† Strathmore coolly outlined his plan. â€Å"We erase all of Hale's correspondence with Tankado. We erase all records of my bypassing Gauntlet, all of Chartrukian's Sys-Sec analysis, the Run-Monitor records, everything. Digital Fortress disappears. It was never here. We bury Hale's key and pray to God David finds Tankado's copy.† David, Susan thought. She forced him from her mind. She needed to stay focused on the matter at hand. â€Å"I'll handle the Sys-Sec lab,† Strathmore said. â€Å"Run-Monitor stats, mutation activity stats, the works. You handle Node 3. Delete all of Hale's E-mail. Any records of correspondence with Tankado, anything that mentions Digital Fortress.† â€Å"Okay,† Susan replied, focusing. â€Å"I'll erase Hale's whole drive. Reformat everything.† â€Å"No!† Strathmore's response was stern. â€Å"Don't do that. Hale most likely has a copy of the pass-key in there. I want it.† Susan gaped in shock. â€Å"You want the pass-key? I thought the whole point was to destroy the pass-keys!† â€Å"It is. But I want a copy. I want to crack open this damn file and have a look at Tankado's program.† Susan shared Strathmore's curiosity, but instinct told her unlocking the Digital Fortress algorithm was not wise, regardless of how interesting it would be. Right now, the deadly program was locked safely in its encrypted vault-totally harmless. As soon as he decrypted it†¦. â€Å"Commander, wouldn't we be better off just to-â€Å" â€Å"I want the key,† he replied. Susan had to admit, ever since hearing about Digital Fortress, she'd felt a certain academic curiosity to know how Tankado had managed to write it. Its mere existence contradicted the most fundamental rules of cryptography. Susan eyed the commander. â€Å"You'll delete the algorithm immediately after we see it?† â€Å"Without a trace.† Susan frowned. She knew that finding Hale's key would not happen instantly. Locating a random pass-key on one of the Node 3 hard drives was somewhat like trying to find a single sock in a bedroom the size of Texas. Computer searches only worked when you knew what you were looking for; this pass-key was random. Fortunately, however, because Crypto dealt with so much random material, Susan and some others had developed a complex process known as a nonconformity search. The search essentially asked the computer to study every string of characters on its hard drive, compare each string against an enormous dictionary, and flag any strings that seemed nonsensical or random. It was tricky work to refine the parameters continually, but it was possible. Susan knew she was the logical choice to find the pass-key. She sighed, hoping she wouldn't regret it. â€Å"If all goes well, it will take me about half an hour.† â€Å"Then let's get to work,† Strathmore said, putting a hand on her shoulder and leading her through the darkness toward Node 3. Above them, a star-filled sky had stretched itself across the dome. Susan wondered if David could see the same stars from Seville. As they approached the heavy glass doors of Node 3, Strathmore swore under his breath. The Node 3 keypad was unlit, and the doors were dead. â€Å"Damn it,† he said. â€Å"No power. I forgot.† Strathmore studied the sliding doors. He placed his palms flat against the glass. Then he leaned sideways trying to slide them open. His hands were sweaty and slipped. He wiped them on his pants and tried again. This time the doors slid open a tiny crack. Susan, sensing progress, got in behind Strathmore and they both pushed together. The doors slid open about an inch. They held it a moment, but the pressure was too great. The doors sprang shut again. â€Å"Hold on,† Susan said, repositioning herself in front of Strathmore. â€Å"Okay, now try.† They heaved. Again the door opened only about an inch. A faint ray of blue light appeared from inside Node 3; the terminals were still on; they were considered critical to TRANSLTR and were receiving aux power. Susan dug the toe of her Ferragamo's into the floor and pushed harder. The door started to move. Strathmore moved to get a better angle. Centering his palms on the left slider, he pushed straight back. Susan pushed the right slider in the opposite direction. Slowly, arduously, the doors began to separate. They were now almost a foot apart. â€Å"Don't let go,† Strathmore said, panting as they pushed harder. â€Å"Just a little farther.† Susan repositioned herself with her shoulder in the crack. She pushed again, this time with a better angle. The doors fought back against her. Before Strathmore could stop her, Susan squeezed her slender body into the opening. Strathmore protested, but she was intent. She wanted out of Crypto, and she knew Strathmore well enough to know she wasn't going anywhere until Hale's pass-key was found. She centered herself in the opening and pushed with all her strength. The doors seemed to push back. Suddenly Susan lost her grip. The doors sprang toward her. Strathmore fought to hold them off, but it was too much. Just as the doors slammed shut, Susan squeezed through and collapsed on the other side. The commander fought to reopen the door a tiny sliver. He put his face to the narrow crack. â€Å"Jesus, Susan-are you okay?† Susan stood up and brushed herself off. â€Å"Fine.† She looked around. Node 3 was deserted, lit only by the computer monitors. The bluish shadows gave the place a ghostly ambiance. She turned to Strathmore in the crack of the door. His face looked pallid and sickly in the blue light. â€Å"Susan,† he said. â€Å"Give me twenty minutes to delete the files in Sys-Sec. When all traces are gone, I'll go up to my terminal and abort TRANSLTR.† â€Å"You better,† Susan said, eyeing the heavy glass doors. She knew that until TRANSLTR stopped hoarding aux power, she was a prisoner in Node 3. Strathmore let go of the doors, and they snapped shut. Susan watched through the glass as the commander disappeared into the Crypto darkness.

Posttraumatic stress disorder Research Essay

223. 4 million U. S. citizens have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives. This is about 70% of adults in the USA. Today 31. 1 million people are struggling with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Rosenthal). PTSD is defined as re-experiencing, avoidance, and arousal, due to a traumatic event. The symptoms are either long lasting or have a delayed onset (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). A traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others, can create intense feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). This traumatic event then can lead to a serious anxiety disorder such as PTSD. Examples range from witnessing another individual in a life or death crisis to experiencing a life or death crisis first. While PTSD affects a large percentage of the world’s population, only recorded incidents are placed in statistics. However around the world traumatic events are not uncommon, with the cases of genocide in Rwanda to war torn counties in the Middle East, and all the way back to the survivors of 9/11 and US troops back from Iraq, it is no wonder that PTSD is one of the most common disorders. This paper will summarize symptoms, causation, prevention and treatment of PTSD. There are four main categories that the symptoms of PTSD are grouped into. The first is re-experiencing the traumatic event or incident. There are a few different ways one can re-experience the trauma. Some may repeatedly visualize distressing images of either the incident or something closely related. There may be a constant thought of the event as it unfolded. Some may focus on how they could have done things differently assuming there might have been a better ending or the event would have been avoided entirely. Others will experience horrifying dreams or night terrors that will either be an exact flashback from the traumatic event or a metaphor of some sort that is equally traumatic. For example, a woman with PTSD who was a paramedic and was dispatched to the scene of the twin towers on 9/11 experienced nightmares of a fire breathing dragon. A friend of hers stated that it was as if there was a fire breathing dragon with all the fire and trauma that engulfed the paramedics (Psych Lab Video Case). Last are flashbacks that one will re- experience. â€Å"Flashbacks are sudden memories during which the trauma is replayed in images or thoughts often at full motional intensity† (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The next symptom of PTSD is avoidance. One who suffers from PTSD will avoid all stimuli associated with the trauma. This means avoiding feelings, thoughts, people, places, and activities that remind them of the trauma. One critical symptom of avoidance is a numbing of responsiveness or emotional anesthesia, which causes sufferers to withdraw from others and hide or conceal their emotions. This is known to have a large effect on family and loved ones who attempt to help (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). The last symptom of PTSD is arousal or anxiety. PTSD is grouped in the DSM-IV-TR as an anxiety disorder because of the effects of arousal and the secondary anxiety it causes. Anxiety may show itself through hyper-vigilance, restlessness, agitation, irritability, exaggerated startle responses, and excessive fear reactions to unexpected stimuli (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). In order to assess and diagnose a person with PTSD, a person must re-experience the traumatic event at least once, they must have at least three symptoms of avoidance, two hyperarousal symptoms, and symptoms that make it hard to go about their daily life such as school, work, etc. nimh. nih. gov). If a majority of the world’s population experiences many or at least one traumatic event, how is it that not everyone develops PTSD? There a few factors that cause PTSD. Trauma is necessary for PTSD to develop but is not the only cause (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Social factors include the amount of trauma the individual would be subjected to. For example, a police officer would have a higher rate of developing PTSD because of the exposure they commit themselves to as part of their career. Individuals are more likely to develop PTSD depending on the severity of the event. Some people can be categorized as â€Å"risk takers† which would make them more vulnerable to developing PTSD such as a police officer or paramedic. Other risk factors include having a history of mental illness, getting hurt, living through traumas, having no social support or dealing with extra stress after the traumatic event such as loss of loved one (nimh. nih. gov). Prevention of PTSD is possible and circumstances can take place that would help individuals prevent the disorder from developing even though traumatic events that could lead to PTSD are unknown or may come as a surprise. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides mental health assistance after a tragic event. An early intervention is critical. Incident stress debriefing is a five hour group meeting where citizens share events and tragedies after a disaster (Oltmanns & Emery, 2012). Police officers and all emergency personnel are given some sort of PTSD prevention therapy (Sanford). This is due to the fact that they have a high risk exposure to traumatic events. Treatment for PTSD varies and there several different types of psychotherapies that can be used to treat the disorder as well as medication. The main therapy currently used is cognitive processing therapy, or CPT. Cognitive processing therapy can be done in an individual or a group setting. A therapist will help a patient reevaluate how they feel about a traumatic situation. For example, many victims of sexual violence and rape place the blame on themselves. The efficacy of the therapy has held up. Recently, Congolese women who survived the intense conflict in their country and were subjected to rape and sexual violence underwent months of CPT to ease the post-traumatic stress. The results were promising, though the women appeared to respond better to the group therapy. â€Å"After four months, the proportion of women with probable PTSD dropped from 60 percent to 8 percent in the cognitive processing therapy group; the proportion of those with depression or anxiety plummeted from 71 to 10 percent. Their functional impairment scores dropped by half. In the women who received individual support counseling, rates of probable PTSD, depression or anxiety declined less, from 83 percent to about 54 percent. † (Seppa, 2013) Another helpful PTSD therapy is Prolonged Exposure Therapy or PE. PE requires the patient to expose themselves to safe but uncomfortable situations that they have been avoiding due to their PTSD. The patient is also taught breathing relaxation techniques in order to lessen the anxiety associated with reintroducing themselves to traumatic tasks (U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs). The patient is also asked to talk repeatedly about the traumatic situation which eventually leads to habituation or a neutral response to the once negative stimuli. Medication is the other option for treatment of PTSD. Though it is not completely curable, it can be managed by a wide variety of medications. Currently, the evidence base is strongest for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The only two FDA approved medications for the treatment of PTSD are sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) (1, 2)† (Jeffereys). There are also some obstacles to overcome in getting patients to best respond to this treatment. Patients are often concerned about the side effects of the medication, about learning to rely on the medication rather than fixing the root problem, about getting addicted and they may begin to abuse the medications by mixing them with alcohol if the PTSD is severe (Jeffereys). In addition, recent studies have suggested that long term exposure to anti-depressants may actually hamper a patient’s ability to respond positively to therapy (Nauert, 2013). A new study conducted by researchers at Emory, University of Miami and Scripps Research Institute has showed promise in prevention of PTSD. The results of the study suggest that exposing victims of trauma to morphine immediately after experiencing the distressing event may do more than just ease physical pain. Morphine may also play a role in â€Å"fear learning†. When the drug was administered to a group of mice after exposure to a stressful event, they â€Å"could still learn to become afraid of sounds and shocks, but the fearful memories were not as durable and the mice did not freeze as much in response to the sound alone two days later, even if they had been previously exposed to stress† (Eastman , 2013). Some other â€Å"out of the box† potential treatments include channeling all energy into martial arts training or service dog training (London, 2013). The idea here would be to distract the brain away from the negative thoughts by focusing all the patients’ resources into positive activities.

One-dimensional Characters Lack Depth and Never Grow

One-dimensional Characters Lack Depth and Never Grow In literature, as in life, people often see growth, change, and internal conflict carried out in a single character. The term one-dimensional character in a book review or story refers to a character who lacks depth and who never seems to learn or grow. When a character is one-dimensional, he or she does not demonstrate a sense of learning in the course of a story. Authors may use such a character to highlight a certain trait, and usually, it is an undesirable one. The Role of the Flat Character in a Story One-dimensional characters are also known as flat characters or characters in fictional stories that do not change much from the start of the story to the end. It is thought that these type of characters have little to no emotional depth. Their role is often to highlight the main character, and they typically hold a simple and small perspective about life or the situation in the story. Their character is often a stereotype and may simply be used as a literary device to keep the narrative moving. Examples of Popular One-dimensional Characters A one-dimensional character can be summed up in a certain trait or characteristic. In All Quiet on the Western Front, for example, Paul Bumers high school teacher, Kantorek, maintains the role of a one-dimensional character, because he maintains a sense of idealistic patriotism despite his encounters with war atrocities. Additional one-dimension characters from famous books and plays include: Benvolio from Romeo and Juliet (By William Shakespeare)Elizabeth Proctor from  The Crucible  (By Arthur Miller)Gertrude from  Hamlet  (William Shakespeare)Miss Maudie from  To Kill a Mockingbird  (By Harper Lee) How to Avoid Writing One-dimension Characters in a Story Characters that lack internal conflict or multiple facets to their personality are often dubbed as flat or one-dimensional characters. This is often seen as a bad thing in a story, especially for first-time writers, when all of the characters are one-dimensional. However, if there are one or two characters that are simplistic in nature for a reason, it may not be perceived as a negative trait. As long as an author uses  one-dimensional characters correctly, and with deliberate intention, there is nothing wrong with it. Often, a narrative is most successful with a combination of flat and rounded characters. With that said,  its important to have strong character development overall to create rounded characters that have some depth to them. This helps characters imitate being a real human being. Being able to relate to characters in this way, as a reader, makes them far more interesting and realistic. Furthermore, the complexity that a character holds reveals the challenges they go through and shows the many sides of them, which reveals what their life is truly like to readers. Tips for Creating Characters With Depth Writing better characters for fiction readers help immerse them in a narrative. Below are several tips for developing multi-faceted characters: Allow characters to hold strong opinions.  Giving characters a mix of relatable features, such as positive traits, along with character flaws, like mistakes and fears, will keep them well-rounded.Share the motivations and desires of the characters through their thoughts, actions, and obstacles, such as other characters.Give some mystery to characters. Throwing too much at the reader at once is not realistic. Treat characters like a person the reader is meeting for the first time, and allow them to develop over the course of the story.

Learn How to Conjugate the French Abolir (to Abolish)

Learn How to Conjugate the French Abolir (to Abolish) The French verb for to abolish is  abolir. It is one of the easiest to conjugate because it is a regular verb and follows a distinct pattern.   Conjugating the French  Abolir In French, verbs need to be conjugated to match the tense and the subject of the sentence. We do the same in English by adding -s or -ed to verbs, its just a little more complex in French. However, the good news here is that  abolir  is a  regular -ir verb. That means that it follows the conjugation pattern of similar verbs that end with -ir  and once you learn one, the rest are relatively easy. To conjugate  abolir, match the subject pronoun the I, you, we, etc. or, in French,  j, tu, nous   with the tense. The present, future, and imperfect past tenses are listed in this chart. For instance, to say I abolish, you would say jabolis. To say we will abolish, it is nous abolirons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j abolis abolirai abolissais tu abolis aboliras abolissais il abolit abolira abolissait nous abolissons abolirons abolissions vous abolissez abolirez abolissiez ils abolissent aboliront abolissaient The Present Participle of  Abolir The present participle of  abolir  is  abolissant. The  -ant  ending is equivalent to the English  -ing  and, therefore, refers to abolishing. When constructing sentences, you can use this as an adjective, gerund, noun, or verb. The Passà © Composà ©Ã‚  Form of  Abolir The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is used often in French to express the past tense, in this case abolished. Its very easy to conjugate, you simply need a couple of things. First of all, the  auxiliary (or helping) verb  that is used with abolir  is  avoir. This will need to be conjugated to fit the subject and tense. Then, ​you need the  past participle  of abolir  and that is aboli. With that information, you can easily say I abolished, in French: jai aboli. More Conjugations for Abolir Those are the basic conjugations for  abolir, but there are more. You may not use all of these though its good to be aware of them in case you do. The subjunctive is used when the verb is uncertain and the conditional when its dependent upon something. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are primarily used in formal writing. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j abolisse abolirais abolis abolisse tu abolisses abolirais abolis abolisses il abolisse abolirait abolit abolt nous abolissions abolirions abolmes abolissions vous abolissiez aboliriez aboltes abolissiez ils abolissent aboliraient abolirent abolissent You may also use the imperative with  abolir. This verb form is used in short, direct sentences that are more of a command or request. To use the imperative, you do not have to include the subject pronoun as it is implied in the verb. For instance, rather than tu abolis, you can simply say abolis. Imperative (tu) abolis (nous) abolissons (vous) abolissez